Moreover in this case there had also been difficulties with speech and other transient symptoms which should have called attention far earlier to the possibility of neurosyphilis. 2. What is the significance of the high cell count: 176 per cubic millimeter? Such high cell counts are frequent enough in diffuse neurosyphilis, but low cell counts are frequent also. But although the high cell count taken alone is of lesser significance, the fact that the high cell count in this case is associated with a “syphilitic” gold sol reaction is of far greater significance for diagnosis. These associated findings are characteristic of meningovascular neurosyphilis. 3. What kind of recovery may be expected in successful examples of treatment in meningovascular cases? Recovery with defect. It will be noted that ten months elapsed before any marked improvement occurred on the paralyzed side. We could not expect a complete recovery from this paralysis. 4. Was inadequacy of treatment following the chancre responsible for the early cerebrospinal involvement? In this connection one must remember that such neural involvements occur occasionally even during active treatment (neurorecidives). The discontinuance of treatment after a short period, in this case less than a year, is always a risk to say the least. And this is true even though the W. R. becomes negative, for trouble of a neurosyphilitic nature may occur later; this when both blood and spinal fluid have previously been found negative. The old rule of following and treating a syphilitic for several years despite the disappearance of symptoms is still a good rule. =The results of systematic, intensive, intravenous salvarsan therapy in atypical neurosyphilis (cases not certainly paretic, tabetic or the common types of meningovascular neurosyphilis) may be in our experience as good as the results of treatment in common meningovascular cases: example.= =Case 105.= Henri Lepère, a machinist, 48 years of age, came voluntarily to the Psychopathic Hospital for a gradually failing memory and inability to work. He had had indigestion for four years (epigastric distress, nausea, no vomiting). He was still suffering from epigastric distress and from headaches. At times he had had difficulty in walking. =Physically=, Lepère looked older than he was; he was very poorly developed and nourished, and seemed very weak. There was a slight visceroptosis. =Neurologically=, there was considerable speech defect, particularly well marked in test phrases. The pupils were contracted and gave the Argyll-Robertson reaction. Neurologically there were no other signs. =Mentally=, there was a depression with worry; but it was a question whether these phenomena were not entirely natural. The special complaint was of failing memory.