The fact that Morovitz had no apparent symptoms for several years led to rather desultory treatment chiefly in the form of mercury by mouth. Previous to the time when the W. R. and lumbar puncture were available, the physician had no exact means of determining cure except the non-appearance of symptoms. But a period of years of quiescence before the outbreak of symptoms referable to the involvement of the nervous system is characteristic of syphilis. With this knowledge in mind it is evident that today the care of a syphilitic patient must be guided, in part at least, by examinations of the spinal fluid and W. R. =Salvarsan treatment may even occasionally be of value in simple FEEBLEMINDEDNESS due to congenital syphilis.= =Case 123.= The somewhat unattractive Robert Matthews was brought, at 5 years of age, to the hospital for backwardness of mind. It appears that the patient was born at term, with instruments, that he began to talk at a year, and to walk at 13 months, but that in point of fact, he had not talked intelligibly to date. Robert had never played with other children and is regarded by his parents as backward. In fact, Robert’s sister—a year his junior—is much brighter. Robert had had scarlet fever but without sequelae. Examination by the Binet scale showed that, although he is actually 5½ years, he graded by the Binet scale at 4 and was regarded as feebleminded. The =physical examination= showed a general adenopathy and prominent frontal bosses. In the study of the family history in the search for an etiology for the evident feeblemindedness, little or none could be found. There were no miscarriages or stillbirths; the parents were living and well. There was only the one sister above-mentioned, who is brighter than Robert. The advantage of a routine W. R. is here well shown, for the W. R. in the serum was positive. 1. What is the prognosis of cases of syphilitic feeblemindedness? It would appear that every case is an individual problem. 2. What is the effect of treatment? Robert Matthews was given mercury protoiodid ⅛ gr., three times a day, by mouth, for three months. The protoiodid was followed by ten injections of salvarsan, average: 0.15 gram, during six months. At the end of this period, the W. R. in the blood had become negative. A re-examination by the Binet scale, when Robert was 6–5⁄12 years of age, showed him to grade at 5⅖, so that one might conclude that Robert had shown more mental progress in a year than he had previously.