2. What is the significance of the term _general paresis_? The case of Martiro is, of course, a good instance to show that the term is sometimes a misnomer. The characteristic generalized motor incapacity denoted by the term _general paresis_ is shown in patients in the institutions for the chronic insane in their last few months of life. The term _paresis_ is perhaps to be preferred to the term _paralysis_ because the paralysis is not complete but partial; but perhaps the best reason is that the word _paresis_ is a shorter word. When the mental side is to be emphasized, the term _paralytic dementia_ is employed. In this book we have used the term _paretic neurosyphilis_ to mean a more precise statement of the etiology of general paresis (general paralysis, paralytic dementia). The lay term, _softening of the brain_, like the terms _metasyphilis_ and _parasyphilis_ is in the present phase of our knowledge to be eschewed. [Illustration: Euphoria in paretic neurosyphilis (“general paresis”). The head, arms and trunk were shaking with mirth; hence, the indistinct outlines of the photograph. ] 3. If this fatal case be typical of general paresis (for more favorable results, see Part V), what is the toll of deaths from this disease in the community at large? A striking statement may be quoted from Dr. Thomas W. Salmon’s “Analysis of General Paralysis as a Public Health Problem:” “With the information in our possession at the present time, we are able to state that not fewer than 1000 persons in whom general paralysis is recognized die in New York State every year. Let us compare this with the lives lost from some other important preventable diseases. It means that _one in nine_ of the 6909 men who died between the ages of 40 and 60 in New York last year died from recognized general paralysis and that _one in thirty_ of the 5299 women who died in the same age-period died from this disease.