[184] By the adoption of this measure the Catholic clergy in France were turned into state officials. The relation of the Pope to the French clergy became that of a spiritual guide and counsellor only. The principle of territorial limitation on the part of ecclesiastics was also abolished. _Cf._ Sloane, _The French Revolution and Religious Reform_, pp. 121 _et seq._ [185] Aulard, _The French Revolution_, vol. iii, pp. 152–191, gives an excellent résumé of the dechristianizing movement. [186] The conservative press of America saw to it that this information did not escape the attention of its readers. _Cf._ Hazen, _Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution_, pp. 267 _et seq._ _Cf._ Morse, _The Federalist Party in Massachusetts_, pp. 80–87, 98 _et seq._ [187] Hazen, _Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution_, pp. 269 _et seq._ [188] Dwight, _Travels_, vol. iv, p. 362. [189] Beecher, _Autobiography, Correspondence, etc._, vol. i, p. 30. [190] Baldwin, _Annals of Yale College ... From its Foundation to the Year 1831_, New Haven, 1831, p. 146. [191] Field, _Brief Memoirs of the Members of the Class Graduated at Yale College in September, 1802_. (_Printed for private distribution_), p. 9. [192] Beecher, _Autobiography, Correspondence, etc._, vol. i, p. 30. [193] Sprague, _Annals of the American Pulpit_, vol. ii, pp. 164, 165. _Cf._ _Sketches of Yale College, with Numerous Anecdotes_ ... New York, 1843, p. 136. [194] _Memoir of William Ellery Channing_, vol. i, p. 60. [195] _Ibid._ Sidney Willard, in his _Memories of Youth and Manhood_, vol. ii, p. 101, tones down the picture appreciably. [196] Morse, _The Federalist Party in Massachusetts_, pp. 88 _et seq._ [197] _A Sermon Delivered to the First Congregation in Cambridge, and the Religious Society in Charlestown, April 11, 1793._ By David Tappan, A. M., Professor of Divinity in Harvard College, Boston, 1793. [198] _Ibid._, p. 16. [199] David Osgood (1747–1822) was one of the best known New England clergymen of his day. Possessing a fondness for unusual public occasions, such as state and church festivals, he acquired the habit of turning them to account by way of airing his political and religious ideas, a custom which drew to him the cordial support of the Federal school to which he belonged, and the no less cordial contempt of the Republicans. _Cf._ Sprague, _Annals of the American Pulpit_, vol. ii, pp. 75, 76.