We have seen that what, according to present usage, is called the
absolute temperature of solid hydrogen may be anything between -257°
and -274° of heat, that is, between the absolute temperature of 0° and
17°, which, of course, is no measure at all; and, therefore, absolute
temperature can only be looked upon as a conventional term, which,
when added to positive Centigrade, or other, heat, conveys no clear
idea to the mind, as it must always be mixed up with the concomitant
idea of latent heat and its time of action. This leads us to think of
what remains in the vessel, in which pure hydrogen has been changed
into its liquid and then solid state, after these operations have been
performed; and our first conclusion comes to be that there can be
nothing in it but a small piece of solid hydrogen; but from the limited
accounts we have seen of these operations, there does appear to be
something remaining, because it seems that by it the degree of negative
heat in the vessel can be measured. What that remaining something may
be can hardly be anything but a matter of conjecture. The first and
most probable idea that occurs is that it may be some lighter gas mixed
with the pure (?) hydrogen that was put into the vessel; the next is
that it may be the vapour of solid hydrogen; and the last refuge for
speculation is that it may be radiant matter, whatever that may turn
out to be. At one time it was supposed to be impurities mixed with the
gases operated upon, which in the case of common air, were found to be
removed to a certain extent by means of absorbents; but the numerous
components of common air discovered since that time, have gone far to
throw light upon that supposition, and we are thus led to think of what
a true gas really is. But we are not yet prepared to follow up this
thought.
This is not an inappropriate place to say that when we adopted the
Centigrade scale for our work, we thought that a special thermometer,
decimal throughout and consequently more handy, might be arranged for
science alone, leaving every man the free use of whatever scale he
liked best; but our experience acquired in this chapter put an end to
that thought, and has left us totally unable to see how any decimal
scale can be contrived, which will start from absolute zero of heat
and will admit of any combination with any existing scale, or will
assist humanity in any of its operations in connection with heat and
temperature, whichever science may choose to call it. We therefore see
that no known thermometer scale is superior to another, and end where
we began by saying that the Centigrade is the fashionable one at the
present time. It is decimal as far as boiling water and resulting steam
are concerned, but all the world is not boiling water; even steam has
to be complicated with latent heat.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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