as _minus_ 225°, and now we cannot believe that it can be so low as
absolute zero, because the ether in it is credited with the motion of
vibration, which must be either the cause or effect of heat. What then
shall we say? We can only speculate.
We can suppose that when the chemical elements were created, or evolved
by some process, and began to attract each other, they had the ether
to carry them into collision and produce heat; and that it, being also
a material substance, became heated to the same degree as the other
matter, always increasing in proportion to its state of condensation,
the ether mixed with the other matter being also, of course, condensed.
Then, following up this supposition, we can see that when the sun came
to be condensed to its present state, the ether must have had the same
degree of heat as itself at its surface, and be of the same density as
it would in our air at the earth's surface condensed to the pressure
of nearly 28 atmospheres; knowing as we do that the attraction of the
sun at the surface of its photosphere is almost 28 times greater than
that of the earth at its surface. Under this supposition, therefore,
the ether might emit light just as surely as any other matter that may
exist, or can be seen, in the corona or atmosphere of the sun, and
might be the cause of the Zodiacal Light, probably more naturally than
any other cause that has been imagined for it.
Mr. Proctor, in his "Sun," has given us a most elaborate description of
how the Zodiacal Light could be produced by the swarms of meteorites
and meteors, that are generally supposed to be floating around the sun
and continually showering in upon it, and we confess that his reasoning
is very plausible; but it, along with other similar hypotheses, has one
very serious defect which it is hard to get over, under our existing
ideas about matter and its origin. If there is a constant rain of
meteorites and meteors falling into the sun now, and the same has
been going on during the multitude of millions of years that it is
supposed to have existed, we have to acknowledge that it must either
come to an end some day, or that there is going on a constant creation
or evolution of matter to keep up the supply. It will not suffice to
accept the hypothesis that the supply comes from other suns, or any
idea of that kind, because each one of them would finally find itself
alone with its planets, etc., if it has any, in its domains the same
as our sun. Neither would it suit the ideas of those who consider that
matter has existed from all eternity and has _made itself_ into all
sorts of bodies or systems to suit them. Without continued creation,
or evolution, matter must end in condensation into one mass. There can
be no self-evolution to keep up the supply of matter. It would require
another and exactly opposite power to unmake the final mass, and
another change to original matter to start anew on the old course.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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