Why the definition is not satisfactory, is that it does not tell us
what there is in the spaces between the molecules of what is called the
gas. If there is room for them to move in every direction there must
be spaces between them, and these spaces must either be absolutely
empty, or filled with something. If they are supposed to be empty, then
the molecules being actually small pellets, like diminutive marbles,
or snipe-shot, we immediately begin to think why gravitation does not
make them, being ponderable bodies, fall down to the bottom of the
bulb; and seeing that, by the definition, they are evidently considered
not to do so, we think of what can keep them from falling, and of how
they can be pumped out of a bulb or any sort of vessel. If we fill
a vessel with marbles, snipe-shot, wheat flour, or dust, and set a
pump to work on it, we shall find that we make very little progress
in pumping them out of it. At first we might extract a puff or two of
flour or dust--marbles or snipe-shot by no means--carried into the
pump by any air there might be mixed with them, but that would very
soon come to an end; besides, there would be air, gas, something, in
the interstices--if any--of the flour or dust to drive them into the
pump when a vacuum was formed in it, and the puffs would cease when the
air, which would be in exceedingly small quantity, was all extracted.
But independently of all this, we have supposed the spaces between the
gas pellets or molecules to be absolutely empty, and there would be
nothing to push them into the vacuum created in the pump. There is no
possibility of pumping marbles, sand, flour, or dust out of a vessel
without the assistance of a fluid agent of some kind, water, gas, or
air; and even then it would be done with much difficulty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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