Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
then generally wont to be a plebeian one, yet it might be surmised that
such an illustrious name as that of Brutus had been retained. But as
long as the consulship was not open to the plebeians, no Junius occurs
among the consuls. In the earlier times of the republic a tribune
of the people, one L. Brutus, is mentioned, who plays a prominent
part as the framer of an important _plebiscitum_ in the trial of
Coriolanus (in Dionysius also, at the time of the _secessio_, which is
a falsification). This Brutus is a real person; but just like the whole
story of Coriolanus, he belongs to quite a different period.
If we reject from our account every thing which is purely dramatic, we
see after Tarquin’s downfall four Tribunes of the Celeres in possession
of the government, consequently a magistracy of four persons, Sp.
Lucretius being at the same time _Princeps Senatus_ and Valerius
_Præfectus Urbi_. In Livy all goes on as in a stage play; the necessary
historical development of the events is mistaken: some important hints
are, however, to be found in Dionysius. These four men had no authority
whatever to bring any resolution of their own before the citizens; the
patricians could not decree anything, unless there had previously been
a Senatus-Consultum as a προβούλευμα, as in all the Greek states, which
Dionysius points out in several instances. This was the case in the
curies as well as in the centuries: the first branch of the legislature
which had an initiative were the _Comitia Tributa_, and it was this
which made the _lex Publilia_ so exceedingly important. So long as the
senate could not take anything in hand but what was laid before it by
the consul, nor the popular assembly without a decree of the senate,
so long might the consuls stifle almost everything; they merely needed
to keep a stubborn silence. In the case in question, it appears that
the proposal for the abolition of the kingly dignity was not in a legal
manner brought by the Tribuni Celerum before the curies; Livy has,
however, for the sake of the composition, suppressed the old account
contained in the law books. The tribunes of the celeres assembled, and
resolved upon moving the abolition; the motion was by the _Princeps
Senatus_ brought to the senate; and the senate and the curies decide
upon it. This is the _lex curiata_. With the intention now to restore
the constitution of Servius in its integrity, the decision of the
curies was also laid before the centuries for their approval, the
order being a matter of little consequence. The way in which this is
represented, is that the army in the camp of Ardea had assented to the
resolution.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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