Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Only the original Roman citizen of the three old tribes, that is to
say, the patrician, could, according to the earliest law, be admitted
to the _possessio_. He got from the prætor as much as he thought he
could cultivate, no limits whatever being fixed; and for this he
had nothing to pay, but only to invest his capital in making the
land productive. The _Plebes_ now grew up at the side of this order.
These were the real strength of Rome: they furnished the whole of the
infantry; their blood was shed in the wars; and they achieved the
conquests. It was therefore undoubtedly also the right of the _Plebes_
to have their share in these conquests: the _Populus_, however,
continued to look upon these as their own property. Servius Tullius
had already ordered that no more unlimited grants should be made, but
that a part of the conquered land should remain with the state, and
that the rest should be divided among the _Plebes_ as their freeholds.
According to the rules of the augural system, squares were made, and
then lots were numbered, and tickets issued to all those who were to
have a share: each of these tickets represented a square (_centuria_).
This is called _assignatio_. Such is the law of Servius Tullius, which
is inseparably connected with the constitution of the _Plebes_. From
Sallust’s expressions, we are to suppose that after the expulsion of
the kings the Servian institutions were restored. Yet they were again
done away by the patricians. Only the _ager regius_ was as yet divided;
afterwards every thing remained with the patricians, who likewise
dispensed themselves from paying the tithes. The tribunes were anything
but mutinous; they only wished as the natural advocates of their
order to make good its right. Perhaps the plebeians felt particularly
aggrieved by the Etruscan war, as they had to sustain the deficiency of
the lost third.
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