Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Besides drawing up a general code of laws, they were also commissioned
to settle the constitution on the basis of equality between the two
orders. In this constitution which they worked out, the tribunate was
to be done away with, and the supreme authority to be held by men of
both classes. The five last names which Livy mentions in the second
decemvirate, are plebeian, from families which do not occur in the
Fasti before the Licinian laws. Three among them, Dionysius expressly
names as such; with regard to the two others, who, it is stated,
were chosen by Appius and the chief men from the lesser clans, it is
equally evident to any one who knows the Roman houses, and therefore
Livy places them at the bottom of the list. The mistake of Dionysius
arises from his having confounded the two decemvirates. The first
decemvirate represented the _decem primi_ of the senate, chosen by
the centuries from a προβούλευμα of the Patres; the second, on the
contrary, was a συναρχία after the pattern of the archons of Attica,
perhaps even originating in the knowledge of the Athenian laws. The
second election was quite different; the most eminent as well as the
most humble patricians solicited the votes of the plebeians. Here for
the first time we meet with canvassing, and therefore perfect freedom
of election. There were six _Tribuni Militares_, three patricians and
three plebeians, who were intrusted with the real command in war: of
the rest, two are to be considered as invested with the censorial
power, combined with that of the _Præfectus Urbi_, and with the
presidency of the senate; the two others, with the authority of the
quæstors, being also in certain cases charged with military functions.
Of course, in each of these two pairs were also one patrician and one
plebeian. If, therefore, Dionysius had read that there were three
patrician and three plebeian _Tribuni Militares_, he might,--as the
old books were surely written in very obscure language,--have easily
overlooked the circumstance that the other four were likewise equally
divided among the two orders. The three plebeians, acknowledged as such
by Dionysius, are Q. Poetelius, C. Duilius, and Sp. Oppius.
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