Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
From the time of the battle at the Regillus, the narratives of
Dionysius and Livy are in many years quite in agreement with each
other, and there are rarely any discrepancies of importance. The
history of the legislation of the decemvirs is also an instance of
this harmony. Other accounts, however, few as we have remaining, do
not at all tally with them; so that their accordance is not exactly a
proof of their historical truth, and we must suppose that both these
historians happened to make use of the same sources for that period.
The narrative, especially in Livy, is exceedingly fine and highly
wrought. It has already been remarked, that probably the intention was
to establish the decemvirs as a permanent magistracy, the consulship
and tribunate being abolished; and that the decemvirs of the second
year were not chosen as lawgivers, but as supreme rulers, although they
were authorised to add two more tables. Another supposition which I
set forth pretty positively, is this,--that these decemvirs were not
elected merely for one year, but for several, perhaps for five. There
is a tradition handed down to us, that they did not go out of office on
the Ides of May, and this is considered as an usurpation. If it were
so, this would be a real δυναστεία in the true Greek acceptation of the
word (it is used in contraposition to τυραννίς, a distinction which
is foreign to the Roman language, although not without an example in
ancient history).[105] According to an invariable principle, it must
have been intended in the election of the decemvirs, that those who
should be invested with this dignity, should forthwith pass into the
senate; but ten persons every year would give too great an increase.
It seems much more likely that the fact of their being appointed for
longer than one year was overlooked, than that they should arbitrarily
have prolonged their tenure of office, which they indeed could hardly
have ventured upon doing.
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