Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
After Rome had already for eight years worn herself out against
Veii, and the most perfect tranquility reigned with the Æquians and
Volscians, a _prodigium_ came to pass. The waters of the Alban lake,
which otherwise stood always below the brink of the old crater, now
began to swell, and threatened to overflow. This is the general tenor
of the old tradition: with regard to the details the accounts differ.
According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Dio Cassius in Zonaras,
the stream ran straight from the lake into the sea; according to
others, it merely threatened to overflow its banks. The Romans did not
know what to do. They had stationed outposts before Veii, but when
there was no actual fighting, a sort of armistice was kept. On this,
an Etruscan haruspex laughed at the Romans for giving themselves so
much trouble to conquer Veii, saying, that, so long as they were not
masters of the Alban lake, they would not be able to take the town. A
Roman, bearing this in mind, sent for the haruspex under the pretext
of a _procuratio rei domesticæ_, who was then seized by the enemy, and
compelled to tell them, what was to be done. He answered that they
ought to drain the waters of the Alban lake, so that a stream from
thence might reach the sea by a neighbouring river. The same thing
was told by the Delphian god. The Romans now undertook the work and
executed it. When it was all but finished, the Veientines sent an
embassy to Rome, adjuring the Romans to receive them _in deditionem_.
But the Romans would not listen to any such prayer; for they knew that
the spell was broken. The Veientines said that this was true; yet that
it was also stated in their books, that, if Veii were destroyed, Rome
would likewise soon be taken by barbarians, and this the haruspex had
forborne to tell them. The Romans now ran this risk, and appointed
Camillus as dictator, who called upon all the people to share the
booty, and undertook the assault. The sacred matters having been
attended to, human wisdom was in requisition. He ran a gallery under
the Arx of Veii, and led from thence a passage to the temple of Juno;
as the fates had decreed, that he who made the offering in the Arx of
Veii should be victorious. The Romans rushed in by that passage, slew
the Etruscan king, and made the offering. Then the wall was scaled on
all sides.
If we now reflect upon the historical absurdity of this account, we
cannot doubt for one moment, the existence of a poetical fiction. There
are traces of the citadel of Veii to this very day. It is situated
on the Aqua rossa, is almost wholly surrounded by water, and rises
to a considerable height: it is a rock of tufa. The Romans must then
have had to dig a passage under the bed of the river, and to make the
gallery with such consummate art, that no one could observe any thing;
so that when all was done, they would only have quietly to raise the
last stone in the temple and to climb out, as from a trap door.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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