Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
from Tyrrhenia to Troas; according to others, the Trojans come to
Tyrrhenia. In the temple, and in the mysteries of Samothrace, there
was a gathering point of many men from all quarters;[44] and it was
for a great part of the world at that time as the Caaba of Mecca, the
grave of the prophet at Medina, or as the holy sepulchre at Jerusalem.
Samothrace and Dodona were for the Pelasgian races, what perhaps to the
Hellenic world Delphi and Delos were. The distance of a considerable
portion of those who are linked together by a common origin ought not
to have much stress laid upon it in a case like this, as it is such as
not to hinder the Mahometan from making the pilgrimage to the sacred
spot.
This old stock of the Pelasgians which we may trace as far as Liguria,
and which also dwelt on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia, vanishes
in the age of history as a component part of nations; but it consisted
originally of a number of tribes which bore different names. A very
wide spread name for that portion which was settled in Epirus, and
in the southern part of modern Italy, as far as Latium and the coast
of the Adriatic Sea, was that of Siculians (_Siculi_); also Vituli,
Vitelli, Vitali, Itali, from the last of which Italy takes its name.
Notwithstanding the wide spread of these Siculian or Italian names,
_Italia_ in the earliest times does not seem as at present to have
designated the country to the foot of the Alps. It is indeed possible
that the changes which followed upon the immigration of northern races
severed the sea-coast from Etruria, and confined the name _Italia_ to
the country south of the Tiber, or rather, south of Latium. Yet this is
only a supposition, though it is certain that Italy was once bounded
on the north by a line from the Garganus on one side to Terracina on
the other; and that the name, which had been restricted to within yet
narrower limits in the times after Alexander the Great, before the
sway of Rome had begun, was again extended to that wider range. It is
probably of this earlier Italy that Pliny says, that it was _querno
folio similis_,--a remarkable example of the manner in which Pliny
wrote. He speaks at one time in his own name, and at another he gives
excerpta. Yet his excerpta are unfortunately as little weighed by him
in historical matters as in those of natural history. This statement he
has without doubt taken from Timæus, with whom also the comparison of
Sardinia to a sandal or a foot-print originates. That in his own time
Italy could not by any means be so described, entirely escaped Pliny’s
notice.
In the south of Italy, the earliest inhabitants were also called
Œnotrians and Peucetians; in the north, without doubt they were
likewise called Liburnians; and on the coasts of Latium, Tyrrhenians.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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