_Archimedes_ builds a ship for Hiero, which is sent by the latter to Alexandria, ii, 17; defends Syracuse, 117. _Architecture_, its different stages of development, iii, 222; its decline under Hadrian, 275. _Archytas_, the Leibnitz of his age, i, 461; seven times called to the office of general, 461. _Ardaburius_, iii, 336. _Ardaschir_, son of Babek, of the race of Sassan, king of the Persians, iii, 264; restores the old fire-worship, 264; sets up monuments in Persepolis, 264; is called by the Greeks Artaxerxes, 265; war against the Romans, 265. _Ardea_, the war of Tarquin the Proud against Ardea is fabulous, i, 198; is of the same stock with Rome and Antium, 223; insurrection, 343; make head against the Gauls, 381. _Ardeates_, the decision between them and the people of Aricia was pronounced by the Curies, i, 94. _Ardyæans_ in northern Illyricum, are under the protection of Rome, ii, 146; overcome by Philip, 146; their country ceded to him by the Romans, 147. _Arevaci_, a Spanish people, ii, 220; a tribe of the Celtiberians, 260. _Argolis_ Archæan, ii, 151, 163. _Argos_, a Pelasgian word, probably meaning town, i, 101; synonymous with Peloponnesus, 101; also for Thessaly, 101; the republican party calls in Pyrrhus against the aristocrats, 569; the latter summon Antigonus to their aid, 569; devastated by the Goths, iii, 280. _Argyrocastro_, very important pass, ii, 147; the old Antigonea, 153. _Aricia_, in a grove before its gates, was the sanctuary of the Latins, i, 186; Porsena defeated there, 213; after the Latin war it does not receive the franchise, but becomes an independent municipium, 448; laid waste by Marius, 372. _Ariminum_, colony of, ii, 50; opens its gates to Cæsar, iii, 53. _Ariobarzanes_, Persian governor of Pontus, ii, 360; king of Cappadocia, 363, 407. _Ariovistus_, ii, 43; acknowledged by the Romans as a sovereign king, 43; defeated near Besançon, 43. _Aristænus_, Achæan strategus, ii, 156. _Aristæus_, a Pelasgian hero from Arcadia, i, 96. _Aristarchus_, the period from him to Dio Chrysostomus is an intermediate one, which has no distinct character, iii, 228. _Aristides_, Ælius, a most disagreeable writer, iii, 235; his declamation on the battle of Leuctra, 235. _Aristion_, sophist, tyrant of Athens, ii, 364. _Aristippus_, tyrant of Argos, i, 569. _Aristobulus_, historian, i, 470. _Aristobulus_, pretender to the crown of Judæa, made prisoner by Pompey and led in his triumph, iii, 11. _Aristocracy_, as it was in the earliest times in Rome, i, 164. _Aristocrats_, their hypocrisy, ii, 87. _Aristonicus_, a bastard son of Eumenes, usurps the throne of Pergamus, ii, 266; defeats Crassus, 267; overcome by Peperna, 267. _Aristotle_, ii, 6; the text of his Politics is derived from a single MS. of the fourteenth century, 6.