North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus)Krutzsch, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Science
North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus)
Krutzsch, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Zapus
_Remarks._--Original describers considered both _Z. pacificus_ and _Z.
alleni_ as specifically distinct from _Z. trinotatus_. Merriam
(1897a:104) named _Z. pacificus_ and gave the following diagnostic
characters: short rostrum and nasals; small auditory bullae;
basioccipital broad between bullae. Elliot (1898:212) named _Z. alleni_
and ascribed to it the following diagnostic characters: cranium long and
narrow; nasals same breadth for entire length; palate wide; pterygoid
fossae wide posteriorly; auditory bullae small; basisphenoid and
basioccipital wide; upper tooth-rows short. Preble (1899:27) considered
_Z. alleni_ to be a subspecies of the species _Z. trinotatus_, remarking
that the skulls are similar to those of _Z. trinotatus_ but smaller with
much smaller bullae; in coloration the animals are lighter above and
without fulvous below. Preble remarked that the skull of _Z. alleni_
differs so greatly from that of _Z. montanus_ that comparison was not
required. Preble (_op. cit._:30) treated _Z. pacificus_ as a full
species. Howell (1920:233) considered _Z. pacificus_ and _Z. alleni_ to
be subspecies of _Z. pacificus_. Howell (_loc. cit._) pointed out size,
cranial, and color similarities between the two, and remarked that
_pacificus_ is clearly distinct from _Z. montanus_, its nearest
geographic neighbor. Hall (1946:578) arranged _Z. alleni_ as a
subspecies of _Z. princeps_, although not on grounds wholly satisfactory
to him because actual intergrades between _alleni_ and neighboring races
of _princeps_ were not available.
I here consider _Z. alleni_ to be synonymous with _Z. pacificus_; the
latter is a subspecies of _Z. princeps_. Certain diagnostic characters,
such as the shape and size of the os penis, the diameter and pigment
pattern of the hair, the over-all proportions of the skull, and the size
and shape of the teeth indicate that _alleni_ and _princeps_ belong to
the same species, even though animals from intermediate geographic areas
are not available to show actual intergradation.
The diagnostic characters referred to in the original description of _Z.
alleni_, as given earlier in this account, agree with characters of
specimens of _Z. p. pacificus_. Howell (1920:233) remarks that, in
coloration and length of foot, typical _alleni_ differs but slightly
from _pacificus_. Howell (_loc. cit._) noted, as I also have, that there
are slight cranial differences in specimens from various parts of the
range of _Z. p. pacificus_; these variations are somewhat clinal in
nature, cranial dimensions showing a slight increase from south to
north. The largest animals occur in western Tehama, Trinity, and
Siskiyou counties, California. Samples from various localities in
Jackson County, Oregon, are slightly smaller than these, but are larger
than specimens from the southern Sierra Nevada.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 264, distributed as follows:
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