North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus)Krutzsch, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Science
North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus)
Krutzsch, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Zapus
Quimby (1951:83) noted that gain in weight was accelerated in a brief
period prior to entrance into hibernation. This relationship of rapid
gain in weight to hibernation allows a person to estimate the date of
hibernation. Cold weather seems to hasten hibernation, but less so than
the correct physiologic condition which is foreshadowed by a rapid gain
in weight. For example, Quimby's (1951:84) data reveal that mice that
were moved to a heated room gained weight and hibernated in a fashion
similar to those in unheated surroundings. Hamilton (1935:193) states
that, "It seems necessary for the mouse to lay on a certain amount of
fat before it is capable of hibernation." Hamilton (_loc. cit._)
reported that 18 specimens of _Z. hudsonius_ taken [presumably in an
active state] near Ithaca, New York, on November 13, were without a
trace of fat.
Data that are available concerning the hibernation sites of _Z.
hudsonius_ show that almost invariably these mice seek shelter in
burrows beneath the surface of the ground and there construct nests of
grass, leaves, or some other vegetation. Nicholson (1937:103) found a
hibernating _Z. hudsonius_ on the George Reserve, Livingston County,
Michigan, on October 20. The mouse was in a nest, composed of 10 to 12
damp elm leaves, in a sand bank two feet three inches vertically and
three feet nine inches horizontally from the surface. On April 11, 1948,
Schwartz (1951:228) found five nests (three with occupants) of _Z.
hudsonius_ at Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri. All nests were one
foot beneath the surface of a pile of coal-ash, which was about three
and one-half feet high and five feet in diameter. The nests were
spherical, approximately four inches in diameter and consisted of dried
oak leaves and bits of dried grass. Grizzell (1949:74) found two
hibernating jumping mice at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel,
Maryland, in January, 1948. The mice were in separate woodchuck dens;
one mouse was 40 inches below the surface and the other was 26 inches
below the surface. The mice were curled up in the center of masses of
dead leaves, and thus, were well insulated against the cold. On April
29, 1944, at Ithaca, New York, Eadie (1949:307) uncovered a hibernating
jumping mouse. The nest, about the size of a baseball, was compactly
made of fine grasses and was 10 inches below the surface of the ground
in a mound of earth that was approximately six by four feet at the base
and three feet high.
From the foregoing reports on hibernation sites it is evident that well
drained areas are utilized. Sheldon (1934:300) remarks that the burrows
used for hibernating are dug in a bank or some place from which the rain
water and melted snow probably drains off.
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