North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
The depressed, soft-margined carapace of softshells has been mentioned
as an adaptation to facilitate burrowing in soft sand or mud, and more
suited for concealment than for speed in aquatic locomotion (Carr,
1952:429; Smith, 1956:162). Nielsen (1951:264-65), commented that in
various lotic invertebrates, dorsoventral flattening of the body was no
commoner than in lentic invertebrates; he wrote that a dorsoventral
flattening is a disadvantage to an animal in a strong current and is an
adaptation "probably ... not to withstand the current directly, but to
avoid it by seeking shelter in narrow crevices." Probably another aid to
concealment, mentioned by Williams and McDowell (1952:272), is the
plastral hinge.
Concealment of softshells is not enhanced by growths of algae on the
carapace. Proctor (1958:637-38) reported that the common, epizoöphytic
alga of chelonians, _Basicladia_, has never been reported from
_Trionyx_; the same author recorded a large amount of filamentous algae,
principally _Stigeoclonium_, but the algae could be easily wiped from
the turtle, and Vinyard (1955:64) recorded an alga, _Dermatophyton
radians_, attached to the skin of the legs of _Trionyx_. I noted a small
patch of greenish scum growing near the insertion of the neck on a
softshell (_spinifer_ from Lake Texoma); cursory examination by Dr. R.
H. Thompson, disclosed one of the colonial ciliate protozoans
(resembling _Opercularia_) with enmeshed green or blue-green algae.
Evermann and Clark (1920:592) mention a _spinifer_ from Lake
Maxinkuckee, Indiana, having a growth of _Opercularia_, covering the
plastron.
_Movement_
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