North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
Possibly the nests of _ferox_ and _spinifer_ differ from those of
_muticus_ in being flask-shaped. A nest of _spinifer_ was reported by
Gehlbach and Collette (_loc. cit._) as having a neck three inches
across, a depth of six inches and a width of five inches at the
bottom. The nests of _muticus_ that I discovered on the Escambia River
were not flask-shaped; the eggs were five to seven inches below the
surface. Evermann and Clark (1920:594) reported eggs of _spinifer_
"generally at a depth of four to ten inches," and Breckenridge (_loc.
cit._) found the topmost eggs about five inches below the surface.
There may be behavioral differences between _ferox_ and _spinifer_ and
_muticus_. Hamilton (_loc. cit._) mentioned that _ferox_ proceeded
with its reproductive duties even when he stood only a few yards away.
Muller (_op. cit._:181) found that _muticus_ would run to the water if
disturbed, without completing deposition of eggs; the same behavior
was described by Cahn (_op. cit._:191) for _spinifer_. Newman
(1906:133) wrote that _spinifer_ will abandon nesting activities if
surprised before egg deposition begins, but will wait to cover the
eggs if interrupted while laying eggs. Goldsmith (1945:448) found that
an observer did not disturb females of _muticus_ when they were laying
eggs (females "could be approached and even touched"), but that, in
the presence of an observer, they would scurry toward the water
without covering the eggs and would not return to cover them. Turtles
frightened in the process of the construction of the nests would not
return to complete the original nest. Harper (1926:415) wrote that
_ferox_, after completing nesting activities, will crawl a few feet
from the nest and scuffle up the surface, presumably to decoy
predators that might otherwise destroy the eggs; this observation has
not been corroborated by other authors. Harper (_op. cit._:416)
recorded the observation of Allen Chesser, who says that females,
after egg deposition, often "... bury themselves, before they go ter
the water, an' stay there ten er twelve hours."
_Reproductive Potential_
Estimates of reproductive potentials are subject to variation of one
kind or another. Counts of oviducal eggs or those in nests may be
misleading, as in some individuals one or more eggs may have been
deposited previously. Mitsukuri (1905:263), Newman (1906:135), Muller
(1921:182), and Cahn (1937:183) have mentioned that the number of eggs
per clutch corresponds to the size of the female. Females of northern
populations may have larger clutches than females of the same size
from southern populations.
TABLE 8. Records in the Literature Pertaining to Number and Size
of Eggs of Three American Species of Trionyx.
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