North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
| | 17 | 22 | 14-20
| | 8 | 15 | 18-22
-----------+------------------------+---------+---------+------------
Published data (Table 8) indicate that the average number of eggs per
clutch for the three American species is about 20, although the number
of eggs may exceed 30 in _spinifer_ and _muticus_. Except for those of
_ferox_, most of these records are based on observations in northern
latitudes (approximately 40°). My examination of females from southern
latitudes (below 36.5°) reveals no oviducal egg count greater than 17
and an average number of eggs per clutch of 9.6 per _spinifer_ (Table
9); that of _muticus_ is 7.3, as based on data given in Table 9 as
well as on egg-nest counts of 15, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 9, 8, and 8. Ovarian
follicles larger than 15 millimeters in diameter are arbitrarily
considered to comprise the next clutch that will be deposited in the
current season. Follicles of this size possibly are retained until the
following year or some may undergo regression; some of the included
follicles may not be representative of the succeeding egg complement.
The average number of follicles of the most enlarged groups is 9.0 for
_spinifer_ and 10.5 for _muticus_. Females in northern latitudes
probably have a greater reproductive potential than those in southern
latitudes if it is assumed that there is only one laying per season
for an individual; the maximum number of eggs laid at any one time
probably does not exceed 35. There is also an indication that larger
females deposit more eggs than smaller females (Table 9). Muller
(1921:184) mentioned two double eggs (each having two yolks) in the
complement of 33, indicating an abnormally large number and excessive
crowding of eggs in the oviducts. Simkins (1925:188) also mentioned
some eggs of a clutch (form and locality unknown) that were five or
six millimeters larger (about 31-32 mm.) than the rest, and which
"invariably bore twins." The largest number of eggs in a single nest
mentioned by Simkins is 22. If the presence of double-yolked eggs is
indicative of crowding of eggs in the oviducts, the egg complements of
22 and 33 indicate the approximate maximal number of eggs per clutch.
In the species _spinifer_, the average size of sexually mature females
is slightly smaller at some places in the south than in the north.
Therefore, smaller clutches are to be expected in the south.
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