North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
Mitsukuri (1905:265) reported that in hatchlings of _Trionyx sinensis_
the length of the carapace averages 2.7 centimeters (hatchlings of
_sinensis_ seem to average smaller than any American species), and
that the average length of carapace (cm.) at the end of the first year
is 4.5, second year 10.5, third year 12.5, fourth year 16.0, and end
of fifth year 17.5; he stated also that females of _sinensis_ are
sexually mature in their sixth year. Breckenridge (1955:7-9) computed
a growth curve based on 11 recaptures of females of _spinifer_ in
Minnesota; his data on rate of growth for the first five years do not
differ appreciably from those of Mitsukuri. As most females of
_spinifer_ are sexually mature when the carapace is about 11 inches
long, the age at sexual maturity is approximately 12 years according
to Breckenridge (_op. cit._:8, Fig. 4). The discrepancy in age of
females at the size of attainment of sexual maturity (Mitsukuri--six
years; Breckenridge--12 years) is, in part, rectified by the fact that
_Trionyx sinensis_ probably is a smaller species. Also, Breckenridge's
computation of the growth curve is based on continuously decreasing
increments of growth and seemingly eliminates consideration of the
probable marked decrease in rate of growth that occurs when sexual
maturity is attained--a phenomenon noted in other species of turtles.
I think that increments of growth of immature turtles are, on the
average, larger than those of sexually mature turtles. Judging from
these criteria, the age of a female of _spinifer_ at sexual maturity
is less than 12 years, and turtles having carapaces 17 to 18 inches in
length (maximal size for _spinifer_) would be older than 53 years
(_op. cit._:9). Occasional individuals, however, may greatly exceed
the usual growth rate in which event large adults may be younger than
50 years.
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