North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
Published reports indicate that _T. s. spinifer_ is not abundant in
some of the northeasterly parts of its geographic range. Adams and
Clark (1958:10) wrote that few softshells at Long Point on the
Canadian side of Lake Erie are "ever collected and the area's game
keepers report ... (none) ... seen in recent years. They also tell of
recurrent severe stormy winters in which the muddy bottom of the
marshland was repeatedly churned up and frozen. Such climatic
conditions could easily destroy a large part of the _Trionyx_
population overwintering in the mud bottom." Wright (1919:8) reported
that softshells are "rarely seen" in bays on the New York side of Lake
Ontario, and Babcock (1938:53) wrote that _spinifer_ "is not common in
Lake Champlain."
_T. s. spinifer_ probably extended its geographic range into the
Hudson River drainage of New York _via_ the Erie Canal (connected
Buffalo and Albany) after its completion in the early 1800's (DeKay,
1842:7). Now, the New York Barge Canal (essentially the Erie Canal,
but with minor changes in course and the addition of several spurs)
provides an avenue for dispersal of _spinifer_ to the Hudson River
drainage, Lake Ontario and intervening waterways in New York (Mertens,
1928:199). Netting (1944:86-87), however, suggested that _spinifer_
occupied Lake Champlain, the Finger Lakes, Mohawk River and upper
Hudson in the late stages of the formation of the Great Lakes.
A publication not seen by me is that of Mansueti and Wallace (1960).
Its title suggests that _Trionyx_ occurs in Maryland.
The unsuccessful introduction of _T. s. spinifer_ in the Delaware
drainage in New Jersey has been discussed by Fowler (1907:213), who
wrote that they were found as early as the late 1860's and were
introduced when young presumably to stock aquaria. Records of
occurrence include Cooper's Creek, Camden County (Stone, 1906:168);
Woodbury, Gloucester County (Cope, 1894:889); and Paulins Kill at
Hainesburg, Warren County (Johnson, 1894:889).
Surface (1908:122) believed that soft-shelled turtles "have doubtless
been introduced into the eastern part of Pennsylvania through the
canal from the Western and Central part of New York," and Roddy (_in_
Neill, 1951:21) suggested that the species may be found in the
Susquehanna River. Babcock (1919:420) mentioned a young specimen of
_spinifer_ in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History
that was obtained "in White River, Vermont," a tributary of the
Connecticut River of the Atlantic Coast drainage; seemingly this
record has not been accepted and the species is not established. To my
knowledge, populations of _T. s. spinifer_ do not occur in rivers of
the Atlantic Coast drainage, except probably the Hudson-Mohawk
drainage.
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