Left on this road to the junction with another dirt road, =3 m.=; R. on this road to another junction at =4 m.=; L. to another junction at =5 m.=; R. to a fence gate, =5.8 m.=; R. through the gate, pass a small farmhouse to the SITE OF FORT BERTHOLD, =6 m.= Above the river bottoms, overlooking a bend in the Missouri's course, are the ruins of a trading post built in 1845 by Bartholomew Berthold, a Tyrolese. He had traded in the river country for many years, and his success at this new fort named for him made it one of the most important Missouri River posts. Harassed by the warlike Sioux, the Hidatsa Indians left their village at the mouth of the Knife River and came to live at Fort Berthold, where, because of the bend in the river, they named their new home Like-a-fish-hook Village. The Mandan Indians later joined the Hidatsa at this site. From the first the history of Fort Berthold is a tale of many assaults by wandering parties of Sioux. In 1864 a portion of the second Sully expedition was sent to protect the outpost, and the following year Fort Berthold became a military post. It was garrisoned until 1867, when Fort Stevenson, 12 m. E., replaced it. The rough-hewn log buildings which Berthold and his men erected were later replaced by frame buildings, the dismantled remains and cellars of which are all that mark the site today. The GRAVES OF SON-OF-THE-STAR AND WHITE SHIELD, famed Arikara chiefs, are marked by a cement monument about 250 yd. NW. of the fort site. Both chiefs were friendly to the white men and helped them in their conquest of the region. Son-of-the-Star was head of the Arikara tribe during the trying times with the Sioux in 1876, and through his reputation for gentleness and a lofty sense of justice stood high in the estimation of both red and white leaders. The two graves are sacred to the Arikara Indians. A few yards SW. of the monument are the graves of more than 100 Indians of the reservation who served as scouts or enlisted as soldiers with the U. S. Army since the founding of the reservation in 1870. The white marble slabs marking the individual graves stand in precise rows as an army quietly at salute. Each Memorial Day the American Legion posts of Elbowoods (Indian) and Garrison (white) hold joint services here. At =39 m.= is the junction with a dirt road, rutted and winding; not suitable for trailers. Left on this road to the MISSOURI RIVER, =2 m.=, known to the Mandans as Mata (_division between two parts of land_), and to the Hidatsa as Anati (_navigable water filled with earth_). A ferry (_65c per car, 10c per person_) crosses the river. Here in the area adjacent to the route live the Mandan Indians. Left to BEAVER CREEK STORE, =6 m.=, a tiny trading post known locally as Ree. Right to the JAMES HOLDING EAGLE FARM, =12 m.=, typical of the modern Mandan home, and far removed from the earth lodges used by the Indians a century ago.