_Breeding Filberts in the East._ This brings up the question of filbert breeding in the East. Crane and Wood (1937) have fully reviewed the breeding program with filberts, and the breeding of filberts, for the East may be briefly referred to here. Tho pollen from _C. californica_ and _C. americana_ apparently does not function on the pistillate flowers of European varieties, (_Corylus avellana_ L. and _C. maxima_). Since however, _C. americana_ is useful as a pistillate parent, it is possible that _C. californica_ may be similarly used. The workers of the United States Bureau of Plant Industry are primarily testing first-generation hybrids resulting from crosses with the pistillate parents Rush,[20] Littlepage, and Winkler of _C. americana_ and pollen from varieties of _C. avellana_ native of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, and of _C. maxima_, the filbert of southeastern Europe and western Asia. Other pollen parents were _C. colurna_, (Turkish hazel, native of southeastern Europe and western Asia) and _C. heterophylla_ Fisch., (various leaved hazel from eastern Asia.) Crane and Wood (1937) suggest that varieties of high merit should be developed for home plantings over much of the region from lower New England and Great Lakes on the north, and to the Potomac and Arkansas Rivers on the south, and that much of Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, South Dakota, and Nebraska might also be included. Dr. Crane writes, by letter dated July 27, 1948, that he has as a result of breeding work, which was started many years ago, two new varieties that have been placed in the hands of nurserymen for multiplication. These varieties are at the present time carried under the numbers of 1667 and 2336, These are hybrids between the European filbert (_Corylus avellana_ L.) and the native American hazelnut (_C. americana._) At the Plant Industry Station at Beltsville, Maryland, these two varieties have been outstanding in their yielding ability, hardiness, and quality of nuts produced. Dr. Crane does not think, however, that these varieties may very materially change the situation as regards commercial filbert growing in the East and in the South. Because of the conditions prevailing during the last war, nurserymen have not made as much progress, in propagating these new varieties as had been originally hoped. Dr. Crane plans to release these varieties for extensive plantings just as soon as there are sufficient plants in the hands of the nurserymen to warrant their being called to the attention of the general public.