Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report: at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948
Science
Northern Nut Growers Association Incorporated 39th Annual Report: at Norris, Tenn. September 13-15 1948
Northern Nut Growers Association -- Periodicals; Nut trees -- Periodicals; Nuts -- Periodicals
Walnuts have been grafted in pots in the greenhouse at the Experiment
Station at Geneva, N. Y. for a dozen years or more and the practice is
successful and very useful. This method was adopted for two reasons.
First: Under field conditions results are often uncertain, owing to the
vagaries of the weather or neglect at a critical time. The inexpertness
of the operator made it desirable that the work be done under as
favorable conditions as possible, with the hope that a favorable
environment might overcome in part the lack of skill. Second: The work
can be done in March before the field work begins, whereas field
grafting in May would often not get done owing to the pressure of other
work at that time. This method is not original with the writer, but is
similar to the method used at the East Malling Research Station in
England and described by Witt in 1928 [1].
The rootstocks, two year old black walnut seedlings raised from nuts
planted in the nursery, are dug in the fall, stored in the nursery
cellar until late February or early March, at which time they are potted
in six or eight inch pots, depending upon the size of the rootstocks.
The roots are cut back so that the plant will fit in the pot. At this
time the tops are cut off, leaving the stem about 8 inches high. The
pots are placed in a warm house, watered as needed, and in about 10 days
the buds begin to break.
The Jones modified cleft graft is used. The stub is cut off at grafting
time and the cleft is made by cutting, not splitting, the stock with a
large grafting knife. The scion is tied in place with nursery tape,
half-inch size, with a short wick leading out of the cleft. The scion is
painted with grafting wax.
+Care of the Grafted Plant+
The pot is set in a propagating frame about 18 inches deep, with bottom
heat, and covered with glass, plus lath or cloth shade. An inch of peat
in the bottom of the frame is desirable, to hold moisture and maintain
high humidity. The temperature of the frame is kept in the eighties, but
is not allowed to go above 90 deg.F. Under these conditions of warmth and
high humidity, growth activity is rapid and in about two weeks the buds
break, although, some may not start for a month. This spring
adventitious buds developed on several scions. Many suckers arise from
below the graft, and these are rubbed off two or three times a week. As
soon as the shoots from the scion are two or three inches long the
plants may be removed to a cooler house, where there is less danger of
overheating on hot spring days. Later, they go to the cold frame for
hardening off, and when danger of frost is over after May 21st, they are
set in the nursery for two years. First year growth is not over eight or
ten inches, but the second year the plants grow to three or four feet or
even more in a favorable season.
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