Variability in penalties is more important (i. e. 4.5 points) than any other factor in influencing the final score. Without the penalties the scores of samples 1 to 6 would be 87.5, 84.0, 83.6, 83.7, 82.1 and 82.8 respectively which is fairly uniform. Statistically the presence of empty or shrivelled nuts in a lot from which samples are taken increases the number required to make a satisfactory sample by greatly increasing the individual variation of the single nut. TABLE 1 Variation in the score of tests of duplicate samples made by the same operators. Twenty-five nut samples. Nuts grown at Ithaca, N.Y. 1942. Black Walnuts. KEY: A: Wt. 1 nut grams B: % kernel 1st crack C: % kernel total D: Quarters number E: Penalty F: Score ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Variety Treatment A B C D E F Remarks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Spear No. 1 S 18 hours 14.6 24.9 28.0 91 -3.5 84.0 1 empty, 5 shr. D 15 hours Spear No. 2 D 15 hours 15.7 24.0 26.8 94 -6.1 77.9 3 empty, 6 shr. Spear No. 3 D 15 hours 15.9 22.9 25.4 92 -3.5 80.1 1 empty, 5 shr. Spear No. 4 Dry 15.0 23.3 25.4 94 -5.0 78.7 1 empty, 8 shr. Spear No. 5 Dry 15.4 22.0 26.8 93 -4.5 77.6 1 empty, 7 shr., 20 bnd. qtrs. Spear No. 6 Dry 14.7 22.7 26.6 94 -8.0 74.8 4 empty, 8 shr., 16 bnd. qtrs. Spear No. 7 Nov. 4 16.7 27.9 28.8 98 96.7 only partly dried, 16 halves Snyder No. 1 Dry 16.8 23.1 26.0 87 -4.0 80.7 8 shr., 9 bnd. qtrs. Snyder No. 2 Dry 16.0 24.0 26.3 74 -3.5 81.0 1 empty, 5 shr., 13 bnd. qtrs. Snyder No. 3 Soaked 15.8 24.1 25.8 86 -4.0 77.5 1 empty, 6 shr., 8 bnd. qtrs. Snyder No. 4 Soaked 16.2 23.1 25.6 78 -7.5 75.5 3 empty, 9 shr., 8 bnd. qtrs. Snyder No. 5 Dry 18.2 19.9 26.4 90 -3.5 76.7 7 shr., bnd. Snyder No. 6 Nov. 4 21.2 27.6 29.8 95 100.8 qtrs. Eldridge Dry 20.8 19.3 23.1 98 80.7 13 halves, not Geneva, N.Y. well dried out " Dry 20.6 20.0 22.6 92 81.0 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------