Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
2. But, in truth, we must acknowledge, before we proceed with this
subject, that, speaking with strictness, an _Art of Discovery_ is
not possible;--that we can give no Rules for the pursuit of truth
which shall be universally and peremptorily applicable;--and that
the helps which we can offer to the inquirer in such cases are
limited and precarious. Still, we trust it will be found that aids
may be pointed out which are neither worthless nor uninstructive.
The mere classification of examples of successful inquiry, to which
our rules give occasion, is full of interest for the philosophical
speculator. And if our maxims direct the discoverer to no operations
which might not have occurred to his mind of themselves, they may
still concentrate our attention on that which is most important and
characteristic in these operations, and may direct us to the best
mode of insuring their success. I shall, therefore, attempt to
resolve the Process of Discovery into its parts, and to give an
account as distinct as may be of Rules and Methods which belong to
each portion of the process.
3. In Book II. we considered the three main parts of the process by
which science is constructed: namely, the Decomposition and
Observation of Complex Facts; the Explication of our Ideal
Conceptions; and the Colligation of Elementary Facts by means of
those Conceptions. The first and last of {143} these three steps are
capable of receiving additional accuracy by peculiar processes. They
may further the advance of science in a more effectual manner, when
directed by special technical _Methods_, of which in the present
Book we must give a brief view. In this more technical form, the
observation of facts involves the _Measurement of Phenomena_; and
the Colligation of Facts includes all arts and rules by which the
process of Induction can be assisted. Hence we shall have here to
consider _Methods of Observation_, and _Methods of Induction_, using
these phrases in the widest sense. The second of the three steps
above mentioned, the Explication of our Conceptions, does not admit
of being much assisted by methods, although something may be done by
Education and Discussion.
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