Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
WRITERS upon science have gone on up to modern times forming such
technical terms as they had occasion for, by the three processes
above {270} described;--namely, appropriating and limiting words in
common use;--constructing for themselves words descriptive of the
conception which they wished to convey;--or framing terms which by
their signification imply the adoption of a theory. Thus among the
terms introduced by the study of the connexion between magnetism and
electricity, the word _pole_ is an example of the first kind; the
name of the subject, _electro-magnetism_, of the second; and the
term _current_, involving an hypothesis of the motion of a fluid, is
an instance of the third class. In chemistry, the term _salt_ was
adopted from common language, and its meaning extended to denote any
compound of a certain kind; the term _neutral_ salt implied the
notion of a balanced opposition in the two elements of the compound;
and such words as _subacid_ and _superacid_, invented on purpose,
were introduced to indicate the cases in which this balance was not
attained. Again, when the phlogistic theory of chemistry was
established, the term _phlogiston_ was introduced to express the
theory, and from this such terms as _phlogisticated_ and
_dephlogisticated_ were derived, exclusively words of science. But
in such instances as have just been given, we approach towards a
systematic modification of terms, which is a peculiar process of
modern times. Of this, modern chemistry forms a prominent example,
which we shall soon consider, but we shall first notice the other
processes mentioned in the Aphorism.
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