Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
5. In collecting scientific truths by Induction, we often find (as
has already been observed) a Definition {78} and a Proposition
established at the same time,--introduced together, and mutually
dependent on each other. The combination of the two constitutes the
Inductive act; and we may consider the Definition as representing
the superinduced Conception, and the Proposition as exhibiting the
Colligation of Facts.
SECT. II.--_Use of Hypotheses._
6. To discover a Conception of the mind which will justly represent
a train of observed facts is, in some measure, a process of
conjecture, as I have stated already; and as I then observed, the
business of conjecture is commonly conducted by calling up before
our minds several suppositions, and selecting that one which most
agrees with what we know of the observed facts. Hence he who has to
discover the laws of nature may have to invent many suppositions
before he hits upon the right one; and among the endowments which
lead to his success, we must reckon that fertility of invention
which ministers to him such imaginary schemes, till at last he finds
the one which conforms to the true order of nature. A facility in
devising hypotheses, therefore, is so far from being a fault in the
intellectual character of a discoverer, that it is, in truth, a
faculty indispensable to his task. It is, for his purposes, much
better that he should be too ready in contriving, too eager in
pursuing systems which promise to introduce law and order among a
mass of unarranged facts, than that he should be barren of such
inventions and hopeless of such success. Accordingly, as we have
already noticed, great discoverers have often invented hypotheses
which would not answer to all the facts, as well as those which
would; and have fancied themselves to have discovered laws, which a
more careful examination of the facts overturned.
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