Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
We have, indeed, already explained that science consists of
Propositions which include the Facts from which they were collected;
and other wider Propositions, collected in like manner from the
former, and including them. Thus, that the stars, the moon, the sun,
rise, culminate, and set, are facts _included_ in the proposition
that the heavens, carrying with them all the celestial bodies, have
a diurnal revolution about the axis of the earth. Again, the
observed monthly motions of the moon, and the annual motions of the
sun, are _included_ in certain propositions concerning the movements
of those luminaries with respect to the stars. But all these
propositions are really _included_ in the doctrine that the earth,
revolving on its axis, moves round the sun, and the moon round the
earth. These movements, again, considered as facts, are explained
and _included_ in the statement of the forces which the earth exerts
upon the moon, and the sun upon the earth. Again, this doctrine of
the forces of these three bodies is _included_ in the assertion,
that all the bodies of the solar system, and all parts of matter,
exert forces, each upon each. And we might easily show that all the
leading facts in astronomy are comprehended in the same
generalization. In like manner with regard to any other science, so
far as its truths have been well established and fully developed, we
might show that it consists of a gradation of propositions,
proceeding from the most special facts to the most general
theoretical assertions. We shall exhibit this gradation in some of
the principal branches of science. {100}
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