Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
In like manner, in order to perceive the force of the Copernican
induction, the student must have his mind so disciplined by
geometrical studies, or otherwise, that he sees clearly how absolute
motion and relative motion would alike produce apparent motion. He
must have learnt to cast away all prejudices arising from the
seeming fixity of the earth; and then he will see that there is
nothing which stands in the way of the induction, while there is
much which is on its side. And in the same manner the Newtonian
induction of the law of the sun's force from the elliptical form of
the orbit, will be evidently satisfactory to him only who has such
an insight into Mechanics as to see that a curvilinear path must
arise from a constantly deflecting force; and who is able to follow
the steps of geometrical reasoning by which, from the properties of
the ellipse, Newton proves this deflection to be in the proportion
in which he asserts the force to be. And thus in all cases the
inductive truth must indeed be verified by comparing it with the
particular facts; but then this comparison is possible for him only
whose mind is properly disciplined and prepared in the use of those
conceptions, which, in addition to the facts, the act of induction
requires.
13. In the Tables some indication is given, at several of the steps,
of the act which the mind must thus perform, besides the mere
conjunction of facts, in order to attain to the inductive truth.
Thus in the cases of the Newtonian inductions just spoken of, the
inferences are stated to be made 'By Mechanics;' and in the case of
the Copernican induction, it is said that, 'By the nature of motion,
the apparent motion is the same, whether the heavens or the earth
have a {110} diurnal motion; and the latter is more simple.' But
these verbal statements are to be understood as mere hints[22\2]:
they cannot supersede the necessity of the student's contemplating
for himself the mechanical principles and the nature of motion thus
referred to.
[Note 22\2: In the Inductive Tables they are marked by an
asterisk.]
14. In the common or Syllogistic Logic, a certain _Formula_ of
language is used in stating the reasoning, and is useful in enabling
us more readily to apply the Criterion of Form to alleged
demonstrations. This formula is the usual Syllogism; with its
members, Major Premiss, Minor Premiss, and Conclusion. It may
naturally be asked whether in Inductive Logic there is any such
Formula? whether there is any standard form of words in which we may
most properly express the inference of a general truth from
particular facts?
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