In resisting the supremacy of this Constitution no State, dismembered Virginia perhaps excepted, has suffered more than South Carolina. It is truly pathetic in passing through the streets of Charleston, the home of the great planters and politicians that shaped the destinies of the State, to hear the names of the foreign bankers and merchants that have taken the place and the homes of the old leaders or who have built more pretentious abodes, to see the buildings with walls cracked and fissured by the earthquake mended by contributions cheerfully given by Northern friends, to read the newspapers lamenting the loss of their trade to Savannah and calling on the United States for larger appropriations to deepen the channels of their harbor. Then to look upon their statues of those distinguished at different periods: the mutilated one of the great Earl of Chatham, the friend of American freedom in Colony times; those of the heroes of the Revolution and the war of 1812; and in the square opposite the barracks of her Military Academy, the great glittering bronze of Calhoun,[117] who brought so much misery to them all. But as we go Westward, where the sandy soil of the plains yields to the clay of the foothills, and find the streams turning the wheels of the factory, and hear the whirl of the spindle tended by white operatives, and see the plough, generally followed by a white man, turning over the soil amidst the stumps of trees in fields newly reclaimed; and come at last to Spartanburg and read the inscription there on the monument recently raised to those who fell at Cowpens, by the old thirteen States and Tennessee, bringing to memory the days of Greene and Morgan, we cannot but believe instead of four and forty sovereign States, we shall, in Webster’s words, have for all time, “one Nation, one Union, one Destiny.” [117] This was written four years ago: Charleston now shows few signs of the earthquake, and Calhoun’s statue has mellowed into a pleasing bronze color. INDEX. A Adams, Charles Francis, Minister to England, 3 Adams, Henry, opinion concerning Virginia’s estimation of validity of United States laws, 100; controverted, 113-115 Adams, John, influence of Alien and Sedition laws on re-election, 112 Alien and Sedition laws of 1798, 88; Jefferson’s opposition to, 88; influence in defeating federal party, 112 Amendments to Constitution, how made, 40; first ten articles, 78, 79 B British opinion of right of secession, 2-3 Bryce, James, on right of Southern States, 3; theory of his book, 3, _note_ C Calhoun, John C., United States a confederacy, not a nation, 24; his youthful prominence in Congress, 34; his early opinions of the Constitution, 134, 135; change of opinion, 137, 138; personal appearance, 138, 139; his reasoning on right of nullification, 140; his argument considered, 140, 141 Chase, Salmon P., decision on secession, 34, 35