Since the first edition of this work was published, I have met with a pamphlet, written by Dr. Houlston, of Liverpool, in which the friction of mercurial ointment on the abdomen is recommended as a cure for old fluxes; and I have tried this practice in some very obstinate cases in St. Thomas’s hospital with evident success. In these cases it is probable the disease is kept up by a vitiated state of some of the various secretions belonging to the intestinal canal, which the mercurial alternative tends to correct. The next cause that was mentioned of the long continuation of fluxes, was a lienteric state of the bowels. This consists in a great irritability of the whole alimentary canal, whereby all the _ingesta_ are transmitted so fast, that there is no time for assimilation. Liquid aliment, such as broth, is particularly subject to this inconvenience. There are few cases of long-protracted fluxes in the West Indies, without this symptom in some degree. The remedies that are here found of most service are such as counteract irritability or relaxation. It is in cases where this is the prevalent symptom that opium may be most freely used. Frequent and small doses of the compound officinals, such as theriaca, pulvis e bolo compositus, or diascordium, have been found of service. Though the relaxation would seem here to indicate the Peruvian bark, yet I have hardly ever known it employed in any form in this or any other stage of the disease, without being hurtful. But there are other bitters not only safe but useful in restoring the tone of the bowels; of this kind are simaruba, quassia, and chamomile flowers. The first has been reckoned a specific in this sort of flux; but though its powers are undeniable, it will be found frequently to fail[117]. I have also used, with advantage, a tincture of gentian and cinnamon in Port wine. Something aromatic has a good effect when added to the bitter, being adapted to prevent or obviate flatulence, which is a common and troublesome symptom in this complaint. That class of remedies which may be called pure astringents, might seem at first sight well calculated for cases of this kind. Of this sort are the _terra Japonica_ and _extractum campechense_; but though I have seen evident benefit from this last, there are few cases in which such medicines are found by experience to be of material service. Where the cause consists in simple relaxation, they will effect a cure; but it more frequently happens that the disease is kept up by a vitiated state of the secretions, or a depraved action of the bowels.