[5] Nasir-ud-din Haidar, son of Ghazi-ud-din Haidar, whom he succeeded in 1827, died, poisoned by his own family, in 1837. 'He differed from his father, Ghazi-ud-din Haidar, in being considerably more debauched and disreputable. His father had been an outwardly decent hedonist and voluptuary, but the son was under no restraints of any sort or kind, and it is probable that his character was not unfavourably depicted in that highly coloured sketch, "The Private Life of an Eastern King" (by W. Knighton, 1855). "Any one", we are told, "was his friend who would drink with him," and his whole reign was one continued satire upon the subsidiary and protected system.'--H.C. Irwin, _The Garden of India_, p. 117. [6] _Harkara_, 'a messenger, orderly'. [7] _Palki_, the common palanquin or litter; _chandol_, usually carried by four men at each end (a drawing representing one carried by twelve men will be found in N. Manucci, _Storia do Mogor_, iv. 32, and see ii. 76 f.;) _miyana_, a middle-sized litter out of which the type used by Europeans was developed; the Anglo-Indian 'dhooly', properly _duli_; the _rath_ is a kind of bullock-carriage, often with four wheels, used by women and by portly merchants. [8] Known as 'Ashura. [9] See a graphic account of the procession at Bombay in Sir G. Birdwood, _Sva_, 177 ff. [10] _Jilaudar, Jalaudar_, properly an attendant holding the bridle of a mounted officer or magnate. [11] The afthaadah is a sun embroidered on crimson velvet, both sides the same, and fixed on a circular framework, about two yards in circumference; this is attached to a silver or gold staff, the circle deeply and fully flounced with gold brocade, or rich silk bound with silver ribands. The person riding is sheltered from the rays of the sun by the afthaadah being carried in an elevated position. [_Author_.] (See p. 38.) [12] _Chobdar_, 'a stick-or staff-bearer'. [13] _Sontabardar_, 'a bearer of the silver stick or mace'. [14] _Chhata_, a mark of dignity in the East. [15] _Danka_, 'a kettle-drum'. [16] _Loban_, _luban_, frankincense, olibanum, procured from various species of _Boswellia_. [17] As early as A.D. 1000 the people of Baghdad used to throw dust and ashes about the streets, and dress in black sackcloth on the anniversary of the death of Husain (Ockley, _History of the Saracens_, 418). The custom was common among the Hebrews (Isaiah iii. 26, xlvii. 1; Job ii. 8, & c.). Robertson Smith suggests that the dust was originally taken from the grave, and the ashes from the funeral pyre (_Religion, of the Semites_, 413). [18] _Barqandaz_, 'lightning-darter'. [19] _Charkhi_; the description is reproduced, without acknowledgement, by Mrs. Parks, _Wanderings of a Pilgrim_, i. 299.