After the scapulæ appear, the arm lying posteriorly is brought down over the chest and delivered. The body is then rotated until the other arm lies posteriorly and that is delivered. After delivery of the arms and shoulders the head is usually delivered by what is known as Mauriceau’s maneuver as follows: The accoucheur slips the index finger of one hand into the vaginal outlet and into the child’s mouth, and supports the body of the child upon his hand and forearm; two fingers of the other hand are slipped around the back of the neck and curved forward like hooks over the shoulders and strong downward traction is made by these fingers; not by the one in the baby’s mouth. The occiput emerges from beneath the symphysis, after which the body is lifted upward and the chin, nose, forehead and entire head are born. =Version.= By version is meant the turning of the child within the uterus so that the part which was presenting at the superior strait is replaced by another part, in order to hasten or facilitate delivery. It is usually performed as the patient lies flat on her back, completely anesthetized, and with great gentleness, for fear of rupturing the uterus. Common indications for a version are a transverse presentation; a prolapsed cord, when the head has just begun to enter the superior strait; and in some cases of placenta prævia. When the fetus is so turned that the head becomes the presenting part, the procedure is termed a _cephalic version_; if so turned that the breech presents, it is termed a _podalic version_. The methods of accomplishing these ends are described as _external version_, if the turning is done entirely with the hands working through the abdominal wall; _internal version_ if one entire hand is introduced into the uterine cavity, and _combined version_ when one hand is outside on the abdomen and two fingers of the other are introduced through the cervix into the uterus. External cephalic version is often performed late in pregnancy, or early in labor, in transverse and also in breech presentations, to secure a vertex presentation because of the high fetal death rate in breech extractions. Podalic version, or making the breech the presenting part, is often performed in transverse presentations, in placenta prævia and when the cord or extremities are prolapsed. Having converted the presentation into a breech, the usual breech extraction is performed. =Forceps= are instruments which are used to extract the child when presenting by the head in certain conditions which endanger the life of mother or child. The value of forceps in obstetrics can scarcely be overestimated, as before their invention the only operative method of delivering a live baby was by means of version and extraction, and in these the fetal death rate was high. The obstetrical instruments in use up to that time, therefore, were all for the destruction of the child in utero.