In an endeavor to prevent rickets among these incompletely nourished babies, Drs. Hess and Unger carried on a definitely organized experiment. “Our plan,” they report, “was to give infants under six-months one-half teaspoonful of oil three times daily and older infants twice this amount. It was found that almost all babies can take cod-liver oil, although it may disagree temporarily and may have to be discontinued for short intervals when there is digestive disturbance. Infants of from two to three months tolerate the oil in half-teaspoonful doses, and younger ones may be given still smaller amounts.” In commenting upon the tabulated results of this interesting study they say: “It is seen that we were able to prevent the development of rickets in more than four-fifths of the infants who received the oil for six months, and in more than half of those who were given it for four months. This result must be considered satisfactory when we note that, of the sixteen infants who did not receive the oil, fifteen showed signs of rickets, though all of them lived under the same conditions and many in the very same families. No other treatment was given, nor was a change of diet or mode of life attempted which could account for the difference in the results between the two groups of cases.” The poor quality of the breast milk of these inadequately nourished mothers is suggested by the further statement: “Table two shows that the cod-liver oil proved to be a more potent factor than breast feeding in warding off rickets, and that almost all the colored babies developed rickets even though nursed.” It may seem like a far cry from scurvy among sailors, on shipboard, xerophthalmia among lumbermen in Labrador, and beri-beri among the Orientals to the nursing mother and her baby in our care. But when we gather all of these apparently unrelated threads together and consider them in their possible relation to this same nursing mother and her baby, right here at hand, the following facts stand out as being of insistent importance to their well-being: 1. There are five recognized diseases resulting from faulty nutrition, which may be both prevented and cured by a diet which contains the protective substances which are now regarded as essential to normal growth, development and well-being. 2. These essential substances are not necessarily provided in adequate amounts by a diet that is satisfactory in bulk or in its balance of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, salts and water or that yields the requisite number of calories. The familiar diet of meat, potatoes, peas, beans, bread, pie and coffee is so far from providing complete nourishment that those who are limited to it are in a state of partial starvation.