Obstetrical Nursing: A Text-Book on the Nursing Care of the Expectant Mother, the Woman in Labor, the Young Mother and Her BabyVan Blarcom, Carolyn Conant
Science
Obstetrical Nursing: A Text-Book on the Nursing Care of the Expectant Mother, the Woman in Labor, the Young Mother and Her Baby
Van Blarcom, Carolyn Conant
Infants -- Care; Maternity nursing; Pregnancy
=Distress.= There is another form of discomfort, often vague and
ill-defined, commonly called “distress” and occurring after eating. It
may be neither heartburn nor pain, but resemble both and make the
patient very miserable. It is usually seen in women who eat rapidly, do
not chew their food thoroughly or eat more at one time than the stomach
can hold comfortably. The prevention, naturally, lies in taking small
amounts of food slowly and masticating thoroughly.
=Flatulence= may or may not be associated with heartburn, but it is
fairly common and rather uncomfortable. It is usually due to bacterial
action in the intestines, which results in the formation of gas. As has
been previously explained, the pressure of the enlarged uterus upon the
intestines and absence of pressure by the abdominal muscles, retards
normal peristalsis, with the result that gas sometimes accumulates to a
very uncomfortable extent. It is clear, therefore, that a daily bowel
movement is of prime importance in preventing and relieving flatulence,
and also that foods which form gas should be carefully excluded from the
diet. The chief offenders are parsnips, beans, corn, fried foods, sweets
of all kinds, pastry and very sweet desserts. Various intestinal
disinfectants are employed, as in non-pregnant states, and also yeast
cakes, cultures of Bulgarian bacilli and artificially fermented milk
containing bacteria that are antagonistic to the gas-producing forms.
In the opinion of some doctors, flatulence is sometimes an early symptom
of toxemia.
=Diarrhea.= Although diarrhea is not one of the commonest disturbances
of pregnancy, neither is it infrequent, and must be borne in mind in
connection with digestive troubles. Of course, a pregnant woman may have
an attack of diarrhea from the same causes that produce it in any one
else, and its relief would be obtained by the usual methods, chiefly the
correction of dietetic errors. But on the other hand, it may be due
entirely to the uterine pressure on irritable intestines. Like
flatulence, it is regarded by some doctors as a possible symptom of
toxemia.
PRESSURE SYMPTOMS. Under the general heading of pressure symptoms are
several forms of discomfort resulting from pressure of the enlarged
uterus on the veins returning from the lower part of the body, thus
interfering with the flow of blood back to the heart. As both the cause
and relief of these symptoms are associated with the force of gravity,
the nurse will usually know what to do in mild cases without further
explanation. In general the heavy abdomen should be supported by a
binder or properly fitting corset, the patient should keep off her feet
as much as possible and elevate the swollen part.
The commonest pressure symptoms are swollen feet, varicose veins,
hemorrhoids, cramps in the legs and shortness of breath, and though they
may appear at any time during the last half, of pregnancy, they grow
progressively worse as pregnancy advances.
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