[Illustration: Fig. 120.—Byrd’s method of artificial respiration. Flexion and compression. Note position of child which aids the escape of fluids from the mouth and nose. (Edgar.)] The same treatment is employed for the apnœic child born in Cæsarean section and the oligopnœic child born under “Twilight Sleep.” The method called “Schultze Swinging” is not to be recommended generally, on account of the chilling which is so necessarily associated with the exposure. The nurse should learn to practice all these methods of resuscitation. After the child breathes it must be watched carefully for at least forty-eight hours, lest the symptoms recur, and the child die. =Asphyxia Neonatorum—= (a) Livida—body congested—blue. (b) Pallida—body limp and pale. Remember possibility of patent foramen ovale. _Etiology._— Too long compression of cord. Diminished irritability of medulla. Compression of brain during extraction. Shock during version. Aspiration of mucus. _Treatment._— Hold child by heels with head pulled back to straighten the trachea, and wipe out mouth and pharynx _gently_ with cotton wound about the finger. Stimulate skin reflexes by slapping and blowing. Tracheal catheter, artificial respiration (Byrd) 8 to 10 times per minute. Hot and cold bath alternately—rub the skin and knead the muscles. Laborde’s method of traction on tongue 10 to 12 times per minute. Continue efforts so long as heart beats. =Convulsions= occur not infrequently during the first few weeks. They may develop as a result of injuries to the head during labor, or as a symptom of toxæmia. They may arise from constipation, from intestinal indigestion with curds, from fever or from hæmophila. Meningitis and other infections are associated with this symptom, and occasionally atelectasis. They may also be the manifestation of a spasmophilic diathesis. The attack may begin with such premonitory phenomena as restlessness, muscular twitching, and staring of the eyes, but more frequently the onset is without warning. The facial muscles are contracted, the neck thrown back, the hands clenched and the extremities spasmodically cramped and tightened. There may be frothing of the mouth and consciousness is lost. Respiration is feeble, shallow and irregular. The face is discolored and strange rattling noises come from the larynx. The bowels and bladder may move involuntarily. The attack lasts from a few minutes to half an hour. Convulsions are not serious in all cases. The responsibility for the management of this complication usually falls upon the nurse. She calls the doctor, to be sure, but the attacks in many cases have ceased and the child may either be dead or out of danger of a recurrence before his arrival. The hot bath is a universal remedy and quite as efficient as anything. The temperature should be taken and the bowels washed out.