_Treatment_ consists in folding up the skin of the abdomen so that the groove will be over the umbilicus and include it. Then adhesive tape is put on to hold it. The surfaces of skin thus coming in contact should be dusted with rice powder or stearate of zinc. Another method of treatment is to place a wooden button form, round side down, on cotton, over the opening, and bind it on with a zinc adhesive plaster. The dressing should be changed at least once a week. =Inguinal hernia= usually heals spontaneously also, but a truss may be required. [Illustration: Fig. 125.—Device for assisting the cleft palate child to nurse. (Brophy.)] =Hæmorrhage= of the newborn is either accidental or spontaneous. _Accidental_ hæmorrhage may arise from an imperfectly tied cord, or it may be an effusion, through compression or rupture, into any of the internal organs, such as the brain, lungs, or abdominal viscera. These latter conditions rarely give rise to symptoms, and are seldom recognized during life. There is no treatment. The intracranial hæmorrhages are open to diagnosis through the presence of pressure symptoms, but these, too, are impervious to treatment unless a vessel can be tied, like the middle meningeal artery. _Spontaneous_ hæmorrhages may develop during the first few days of life from sepsis, syphilis, Buhl’s disease, hæmophilia, and true melæna neonatorum. The fragile condition of the blood vessels, the great changes in the blood and circulation after birth, as well as constitutional dyscrasias, are etiological factors of importance. All the causes are not as yet known. [Illustration: Fig. 126.—Method of strapping an umbilical hernia.] The blood may come from the umbilicus, the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, stomach and intestines. It may be effused into the tissues beneath the skin, or into any organ of the body. Marked nosebleed is generally syphilitic in origin. As a rule hæmorrhages in the newborn are most common in males, and strongly hereditary. The tendency to bleed lasts only a few weeks, and if recovery takes place, it is permanent. In some cases, however, where hæmorrhage has developed in the brain, clots may form in important centers, and the child be permanently paralyzed in speech, sight, hearing, or intelligence. _Symptoms_ of hæmorrhage begin during the first week and almost never after the twelfth day. The appearance of blood is the earliest and the most definite sign. The bleeding may come first from the umbilicus, or from the stomach, or from the intestines (melæna neonatorum). The amount lost is small, but the oozing is continuous. The temperature may be high or subnormal, and may or may not be due to the hæmorrhage. The skin is pale, the pulse feeble, prostration marked, and weight is lost rapidly. Convulsions are not infrequent.