=Colic= is a cramp-like pain of the bowels. Previous to the attack the child is restless, expels some gas, and has the “colic smile,” which leads the mother to believe the child is quite well. When the attack comes on, the thighs are flexed on the abdomen, and the legs on the thighs. The child has a sharp cry, that is nearly continuous, but in some way related to the nursing period, for the attack comes on a few minutes, and sometimes an hour, after taking the breast. The belly is rigid, the arms wave aimlessly. Diarrhœa may be present, and the movements are accompanied by much flatus. Distention is nearly always present. When the belly is tapped it gives a drum-like note and the child belches gas, sometimes accompanied by milk, which seems to relieve. _Treatment._—Colonic flushings to relieve the bowel of irritating curds. The child may be laid face down with a bag of hot water under the belly. Mixture of asafœtida gtts. xx to xl, or whiskey and hot water should be given for the attack, followed later by a full dose of castor oil. The diet should be rigorously investigated. =Vomiting= may or may not be serious. The child may nurse too rapidly or too much, and the over-distended stomach simply empties itself. Many infants “spit up” their excess of milk, and thus relieve themselves. This is a simple regurgitation, usually of unchanged milk, though it may be acid from admixture with the gastric juice. Vomiting, in a breast-fed child, may come during an attack of colic when the eructations of gas appear. It may be a symptom of gastrointestinal intoxication, of too much fat in the food, too short intervals between feedings, or too much sugar in the food. Projectional vomiting awakens suspicion of a pyloric stenosis or meningitis, and must be reported to the physician at once. Vomiting which occurs within twenty minutes after feedings is not serious ordinarily, even though gas and large curds are expelled, but all vomiting later than this, is significant of a pathology. _Treatment._—Regulation of the hours of feeding is most important, and next, the character of the food. If the child vomits an hour or so after nursing, it may be that the milk is too rich (fat). Try a longer interval, or give an ounce or so of cereal water before putting the child to the breast. =Prematurity= exposes the child to three distinct dangers, which arise, respectively, from atmosphere, food, and infection. Very few children born before the seventh month survive. A child born at the eighth month, or with a weight of three pounds, or more, can be saved almost always. The premature child up to the time of birth, has been protected very carefully against temperature variations by the liquor amnii, and when suddenly precipitated into a new environment, which its vitality barely tolerates, the consequences are serious.