_Symptoms_ usually begin before the second week. There is constipation with small ribbon-like stools, and the urine is scanty. The most marked sign, however, when it is present, is the excessive, uncontrollable vomiting, which ordinarily occurs fifteen to thirty minutes after eating, but may be delayed for several hours. The vomiting may be of the common type, but more frequently it is projectile in character, like that seen in meningitis. The contents of the stomach are violently expelled, sometimes several feet. Physical examination may reveal the stomach bulging under the arch of the ribs and peristaltic waves moving back and forth across its surface. The pylorus itself may sometimes be felt as a lump or tumor. _Prognosis._—About fifty per cent die. _Treatment._—Dietetic and surgical. Grulee recommends small amounts of food, poor in fat, be given at short intervals. If this fails, operation is required. =Pneumonia= in the newborn most frequently results from the aspiration of mucus out of the maternal passages as the child is born. This may happen when the cord is compressed, or at any time when a partial asphyxiation impels the child to try to breathe. It may also come on when a feeble child has been chilled by a prolonged first bath. The disease develops about twenty-four hours after birth in a child apparently well. The temperature rises, respiration becomes rapid, and cough develops. The child is fretful, restless, refuses the nipple, and gasps for breath. It may become cyanotic. The prognosis in newborn infants is very serious. _Treatment_ is stimulation. A mustard bath will benefit where the respiration is rapid and the child blue. Tincture of digitalis may be administered in drop doses every three or four hours. Carbonate of ammonia, ¼ gr., in mucilage of acacia, half a dram, may be given for cough. Child must be fed on mother’s milk _pumped from breast_. =Snuffles= may be due to improper clothing, to drafts of air, or to syphilis. If due to cold, camphorated oil may be rubbed on the nose and the passages kept clean with an applicator soaked in albolene. If this fails, a small pellicle of anæsthone may be placed in each nostril, and the child laid upon its back until the ointment melts and runs back into the pharynx. =Furuncles= (boils) may be numerous. They come from irritation of the skin by atmosphere, soap, water, and clothing, whereby infection enters. This is especially liable to occur in the hair. Keep the boils washed with boric acid solution and open them as soon as the focus, or head, appears. =Phimosis= is such a close adjustment of the prepuce to the glans penis that it can not be retracted. In some cases there may be obstruction to the outflow of urine, but generally a tiny portion of the glans can be seen. The prepuce may or may not be redundant. This condition makes cleanliness impossible and balanitis may result.