The gauze and vaseline are changed whenever saturated with urine. Healing ought to be complete by the seventh day. The nurse should examine the dressing at frequent intervals during the first twenty-four hours, since serious hæmorrhages may occur from vessels that have not been included in the sutures. =Priapism= is a condition of functional fullness and firmness of the penis that is more than ordinarily constant. Its importance lies in the fact that it may be a symptom of spinal irritation, balanitis, worms, or phimosis. =Spina bifida= is the most common congenital deformity. It is characterized by a fluid tumor, which protrudes from an opening in the vertebral column. It may appear anywhere along the spine, but is found most frequently in the lumbar or cervical region. The deformity is supposedly due to an arrest of development. It is nearly always fatal inside of two weeks, though cases have been known to reach mature years. [Illustration: Fig. 129.—Anencephalus. (Williams.)] There is no treatment except protection from injury. =Hydrocephalus= is sometimes, but not necessarily, associated with _spina bifida_. The ventricles of the head are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and the fontanelles are widely separated. The cause of the anomaly is unknown. This condition may render labor difficult or impossible until the diagnosis is made and the skull perforated. Rupture of the uterus may result from the futile efforts to expel the child. If born alive, the child nearly always dies, or if it grows up, the intelligence is imperfect in most cases. =Anencephalus= is a monster, having a body, but only a part of a head. The eyes protrude, the tongue may hang from the mouth, and the brain is under-developed. =Sudden death= of infants that are apparently healthy comes with a shock to the physician as well as the parents, and in some instances, no plausible reason can be assigned for it. Apoplexy, pneumonia and stoppage of the trachea by milk curds may explain some cases. Suffocation by lying on the face in wet bedding, or overlying by the mother will account for others. Internal hæmorrhage into lungs, pleura, stomach, or brain is also known to be causative. CHAPTER XXII INFANT FEEDING A well fed infant is a happy little animal, who sleeps approximately twenty-two hours a day, and gains from four to six ounces a week. If properly fed at the breast, this condition is easily obtained; but if artificial food is necessary, the resources and skill of the attendants may be tried to the utmost before the welcome result is brought about. The feeding of infants may be considered under three heads, (1) the breast; (2) breast and bottle combined (mixed feeding); and (3) artificial, which is really modified cow’s milk.