Thus, 95 cm. in circumference=12 cm. in the diameter; and 85 cm. in circumference=10 cm. Complications increase in proportion to the degree of contraction in the pelvis. The most frequent difficulties superinduced by the small pelvis are prolapse of the cord, malpresentation and malpositions of the head, prolonged labor, and a large increase in the number of assisted deliveries. All the possibilities and probabilities in a given case will be carefully worked out before labor by the conscientious obstetrician, and Cæsarean section, induction of premature labor, pubiotomy, forceps, or version and extraction, will be done with a sure foreknowledge. =Prolapse of the cord= complicates labor once in about two hundred cases. It is most likely to occur when the presenting part does not enter or does not entirely fill the opening, as in transverse or shoulder presentations, or vertex presentations with small inlets. The mother is not endangered by this mishap, but the babe is lost in from 35 to 60 per cent of the cases. The diagnosis is easily made when a loop of cord protrudes from cervix or vulva, and the pulsation will differentiate it from everything else. If the cord does not pulsate, the family should be informed that the child is dead and the case may be allowed to terminate normally. If it still pulsates, the woman should be placed in the knee-chest position for ten or fifteen minutes, then upon the side, opposite to that on which the cord has prolapsed, and back again as soon as possible to the knee-chest position. A chair may be used to produce a Trendelenburg position by placing it so that the edge of seat and top of back rest on the bed. Then the patient puts her legs over the lower rungs and lies with her back against the chair back and her head on the bed. If the cervix is effaced and the os partly dilated, reposition may be attempted either with the finger or a male catheter. The operation will, of course, succeed most easily if done in the knee-chest position, with gravity to aid. If the cord can be pushed back, a Vorhees bag may be inserted to keep it from coming down again. This holds back the cord, dilates the canal and stimulates the pains. When the bag comes out, version and extraction can and should be done at once. In general, the following summary may be useful: =Prolapse of Cord= _Causes._— Contracted pelves. Breech and transverse presentations. Malposition of head, or face and forehead presentation. Hydramnios. Accident. Low insertion of placenta. _Diagnosis._— Before rupture of membranes careful examination will show pulsating cord in advance of head. After rupture the cord may be felt in vagina. _Dangers._— To mother:—None but those due to causative condition. To child:—Compression of the cord and asphyxiation. Contraction of exposed vessels of cord. Patient may lie on cord.