Ocean Gardens. The History of the Marine Aquarium: and the best methods now adopted for its establishment and preservation. — John Shaqi
Ocean Gardens. The History of the Marine Aquarium: and the best methods now adopted for its establishment and preservation.Humphreys, Henry Noel
History
Ocean Gardens. The History of the Marine Aquarium: and the best methods now adopted for its establishment and preservation.
Humphreys, Henry Noel
Aquariums
The swimming power of this race of creatures is equally curious. The
_Cephalopoda_, by the ejection of a jet of water, propel themselves
rapidly in the opposite direction, and by the repetition of the jet at
regular intervals, a beautiful power of motion is obtained, as regular,
and with less labour than that of ordinary swimming by means of the
action of fins or other oar-like limbs adapted to the purpose.[3] The
_Pteropoda_, however, in their little shells, translucent as glass, swim
by the action of small fin-like paddles placed near the head.
[Footnote 3: Some species effect leaps by an analogous
contrivance—collecting water within the closed mouth, and then emitting
it at a gush from a small portion of the aperture, suddenly opened,
which propels the creature to a considerable distance, as it were, at a
single bound.]
The _Bivalves_ do not make so clever a use of their single foot as the
_Univalves_. The foot in this tribe appears to be furnished with a
terminal hook, which, when the foot is protruded, clings to some
substance, and the animal is drawn up to that point, when the operation
has to be repeated; this appears likely to produce but a slow rate of
progress, yet some of the sand-boring _Bivalves_ manage, when alarmed,
to conceal themselves with great rapidity by that means.
The _Mollusca_, as feeders, are divided into three classes—those which
take only liquid food, the vegetable feeders, and the carnivorous
species.
Those which are only able to take food in a liquid form, are such as
have no means of seizing prey, their food consisting of the countless
myriads of infusorial animalcules which float in the sea-water, and
which are carried into the orifice of the stomach or mouth by the
current. Of these, the _Dunicata_, _Brachiopoda_, and _Conchifera_, are
examples.
The liquid feeders exhibit a very low form of molluscous life, but other
classes are furnished with means of defence and aggression, equal to
those of terrestrial quadrupeds, and much more extraordinary in their
form. Some of the carnivorous _Univalves_, for instance, feed upon the
_Bivalves_ by drilling a hole through the solid shell, and withdrawing
the animal piecemeal, as required.
The _Eolis papillosa_ has been observed tearing away the tentacles of
different species of Sea-Anemone with extraordinary voracity, and the
tribe must therefore very evidently be excluded from the Aquarium. The
Cuttles, also, are to be avoided from the same cause; they are fierce
tyrants of the deep, that would make sad havoc among the delicate
creatures with which we delight to furnish our tanks of glass. The
curious substance termed Sea-Grapes, which are the eggs of this
creature, might, however, be placed in the tank, and the progress of
development watched, without fear of injury to the other inmates.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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