To prevent catching cold after a bath a reaction of the skin is necessary, and this is best attained by a rough towel, as before mentioned, and by rubbing the body with a hard brush. Massage is an excellent addition to bathing, as by this means the circulation through the skin and muscles is much increased, thereby increasing the oxidation of the body. By kneading the muscles waste products are brought into the lymphatics (see, also, chapters on exercise). It is only logical that we must pay special attention to cleanliness in those parts that have the greatest number of sudorific glands, such as for example the axillæ and the toes of the feet. Circumstances often, as when on a journey, do not allow of the luxury of a complete bath, and in such cases we must be content to wash the body with water and soap, and to rub down with a rough towel and brush, paying particular attention to the axillæ and feet. These may also be bathed in alcohol and water, ½ to ⅓ of the latter, and also with vinegar and water; the feet can best be cleansed in a foot-bath. From ancient times, especially in the East, such foot-baths have been largely used, probably for the reason that sandals were worn, which allowed dust and dirt to accumulate on the feet; people whose feet perspire freely should always use a foot-bath daily; and, because the feet are a part of the body which are the worst aërated from being covered with impermeable leather, while they are, at the same time, the best provided with sudorific glands, a daily foot-bath is advised for all. When the feet perspire freely, hot water must be used; but after using such we must immediately use cold water so that the opened pores will close again. Pouring cold water into the bath or over the feet will effect this, but it must be done quickly. Foot-baths are excellent things for those who suffer from cold feet, and what at first sight seems paradoxical, a cold foot-bath in particular, which acts by enlivening the circulation in the feet; the bathing should, however, only last about a couple of minutes. Cold baths for the feet also act very beneficially in cases of headache, and especially in insomnia. They act upon the distribution of blood in the brain; the blood-vessels are thereby first distended and afterward they contract, which, lasting for a certain time, induces sleep; for, as mentioned in the chapter on sleep, the brain must be free from blood if sleep is to result. In hot summer weather it is quite delightful to sit on the banks of a river and allow our feet to dangle in the water, and we always feel refreshed after it; walking with bare feet is also very pleasant and healthy in summer time. The action of a foot-bath is much increased by the addition of salt or mustard, and with the latter is an excellent preventative against a hyperæmic condition of the brain, such as apoplexy, as thereby we favor a decreased congestion of this noble organ.