Old Mines of Southern California: Desert-Mountain-Coastal Areas Including the Calico-Salton Sea Colorado River Districts and Southern CountiesFairbanks, Harold W. (Harold Wellman)
History
Old Mines of Southern California: Desert-Mountain-Coastal Areas Including the Calico-Salton Sea Colorado River Districts and Southern Counties
Fairbanks, Harold W. (Harold Wellman)
Geology -- California, Southern; Mines and mineral resources -- California, Southern
Nothing was being done at the time of my visit. The mine is something of
a curiosity geologically and mineralogically. The ore body, for there is
only one of any consequence developed, occurs in the gray quartz
porphyry common to the region. A fault has also occurred here,
fracturing the country rock in a manner similar to that in the Tiptop,
excepting that here there is but a single, simple fault. The ore body
consists of a mass of crushed and broken country rock, portions of which
still show distinctly the original porphyritic structure. Generally
speaking, however, the original rock has undergone an extreme
metamorphosis, resulting, in most cases, in more or less complete
mineralogical and physical changes. The porphyry has, by gradual
replacement, been changed to solid ore, or been silicified to a dense
quartzose, sometimes jaspery, rock. Kaolinization of the feldspars has
also taken place. As to the origin of these deposits there seems to be
little reason to doubt that the ore was deposited by percolating waters,
which derived their contents from the neighboring eruptive rocks. These
solutions were carried into the fault plane, and reaching the great
chamber or crushed mass, found conditions of a superior nature for the
precipitation of the minerals they contained. In the pulverized or
finely crushed portions the ore deposition has been most complete,
entirely replacing the original rock, while in the brecciated portions
the ore occurs as incrustations, filling the smaller interstices, but
sometimes penetrating the rock fragments themselves.
The ore body is something over 200 feet in length and 30 feet or more in
width at the Widest part, but thinning out rather irregularly toward the
ends and also downward.
Doubtless it at one time extended some distance upward, but that portion
has been eroded. Along the plane of the fault the line of demarkation
between ore and porphyry is very distinct, as the two bear not the
slightest resemblance, but at the outer edges of the deposit no such
line can be discovered. The mineral gradually disappears, leaving only a
brecciated mass of whitish rock, which graduates into the normal
porphyry. The brecciated condition of the mass is made more plain by the
variety of color assumed by the angular fragments. They are various
shades of green, red, white, and brown, or yellow, caused by copper
carbonates and iron oxides.
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