Old Rome: A Handbook to the Ruins of the City and the CampagnaBurn, Robert
History
Old Rome: A Handbook to the Ruins of the City and the Campagna
Burn, Robert
Rome (Italy) -- Antiquities; Rome (Italy) -- Description and travel
But the most remarkable part of the whole relief is a scene which plainly
corresponds to the account given by Dion Cassius of the sudden, and, as it
seemed, supernatural relief afforded by a thunderstorm to the Roman army
when hard pressed by the Quadi, who had surrounded them and succeeded in
preventing all their efforts to escape. “The Roman army,” says Dion, “were
in the greatest distress from fatigue, many of them were wounded, and they
were hemmed in by the enemy, without water, under a burning sun. They
could neither fight nor retreat, and would have been compelled to stand
in their ranks and die under the scorching heat, had not some thick clouds
suddenly gathered, and a heavy rain fallen, which refreshed them, and
afforded them drink. This did not happen without the intervention of the
gods (οὐκ ἀθεεί), for it was said that one Arnuphis, an Egyptian magician,
was with Marcus Aurelius, and that he, by invoking the aid of Hermes, the
god of the air, and some other deities by means of incantations, drew down
the rain.” Xiphilinus, however, from whose abridgement of Dion we have the
above account, declares that “Dion has purposely falsified the
circumstances, for he must have known that the ‘legio fulminata’ obtained
its name from this incident, the true history of which was as follows.
There was a legion in the army of Marcus Aurelius, consisting entirely of
Christians. The emperor being told that their prayers in such an emergency
never remained unanswered, requested them to pray for help to their God.
When they had prayed, God immediately smote the enemy with lightning, but
refreshed the Roman army by a copious rain, upon which Marcus published a
decree, in which he complimented the Christian legion and bestowed the
name fulminate upon it.” History however, does not bear out this wonderful
tale of Xiphilinus, for the name fulminate is known, from inscriptions, to
have been given to the twelfth legion as early as the reign of
Augustus.[98]
Upon the pillar the scene is represented by the figure of Jupiter Pluvius
dripping with rain, which the soldiers are eagerly catching in their
shields.
The drought is followed by an inundation, in which many of the Germans are
drowned. A grand battle takes place, followed by the burning of the
enemy’s huts and the seizure of numerous captives.
The figure of Marcus Aurelius on horseback, accompanying a long train of
spoil taken from the German tribes, and a long series of battles,
conflagrations of villages and towns, conferences with the enemy’s
generals follow, and the first campaign ends at a point near the centre of
the column, with a procession of trophies and spoils of war, in the midst
of which a figure of Victory inscribes the triumph on a shield.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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