Old Rome: A Handbook to the Ruins of the City and the CampagnaBurn, Robert
History
Old Rome: A Handbook to the Ruins of the City and the Campagna
Burn, Robert
Rome (Italy) -- Antiquities; Rome (Italy) -- Description and travel
It is plain from the history of Procopius that the statues of men and
horses which he describes were upon the top of the building. For the
defenders of the mausoleum against the army of Vitiges being hard pressed
by the approach of the Goths under shelter of a testudo, in their despair
seized these statues and hurled them upon the heads of their assailants,
thus breaking down the testudines and repelling the attack. Of the exact
order in which they were arranged we have no evidence. Tradition asserts
that the twenty-four Corinthian columns destroyed by fire in the Basilica
of St. Paul in 1823 formerly belonged to the Mausoleum of Hadrian, and
that they were removed by Honorius.[105] A comparison of this tradition
with a passage of Herodian, in which he says that the ashes of Septimius
Severus were buried in the temple where rest the bones of the Antonini,
has led to the conjecture that the columns formed the colonnade of a round
temple on the top of the mausoleum in which temple Hadrian’s colossal
statue stood, and that the bronze fir-cone found here, which is now in the
Vatican garden, ornamented the summit. Round this temple, and upon the
level top of the cylindrical tower, may have been arranged the various
statues of which Procopius speaks.
The colossal head of Hadrian’s statue found here is still to be seen in
the Museo Pio Clementino, the bronze gilt peacocks in the Giardino della
Pigna. The famous Barberini Faun, now at Munich, and the dancing Faun at
Florence, were amongst the ornaments of the upper part of the tomb.
Another conjecture as to the shape of the upper part of the building is
that it was surmounted by a smaller cylindrical tower, with a roof in the
shape of a truncated cone, upon the top of which stood the colossal statue
of Hadrian. There is not sufficient evidence to give any degree of
certainty to either of these conjectural restorations.
The interior of the building, according to the latest discoveries,
consists of a large central rectangular chamber (thirty-six by thirty feet
wide and fifty-four feet high), approached by an ascending spiral
corridor, leading from a lower chamber which communicated immediately with
the principal entrance. The entrance was a high arch in the cylindrical
tower immediately opposite the bridge; it is now walled up and the lower
chamber into which it leads can only be approached from above.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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