James I., his ignoble peace, 21; his belief in despotism, 22; his weak policy toward Parliament, 23; absolutism in Church and State, 25; his policy in Ireland, 146 James II., compared with James I., 101, 234 Jehovah, invoked in massacres, 160 Jews, massacres of, compared with Puritans’, 160; their settlement in London, 220 Johnston, American general, development of his troops compared with Cromwell’s, 91 Jones, Colonel, Puritan leader, defeats Preston near Dublin, 149; makes terms with Irish Papal party, 150; routs Ormond at Dublin, 151 Joyce, Cornet, 117 Judges, under the Protectorate, 199 Kent, Fairfax in, 121 Kentucky, neutrality of, in American Civil War, 62 Kerne, the, in Ireland, 16; Queen Mary’s expulsion of the, 16 Kilkenny, Cromwell’s manifesto there, 162 King Jesus, cry of, 112, 143 Kings, their divine right, 21; English belief in, 100; office of, abolished by the Commonwealth, 141; arbitrary power of, 161 Kingship, offered to Cromwell, 215 Kirk party; in Scotland, 130, 131; Cromwell’s dispute with, 172,173 Kirk, the, in Scotland, 166, 167; its leaders urge Leslie on at Edinburgh, 169, 172; its forces broken, 174 Knox, John, his influence on Scotch Calvinism, 18 _Laissez-faire_ economists, 183 Lambert, Puritan general, sent to the North, 121; in action at Preston, 124–128 Lancashire, Presbyterian rising there, 121 Lancers, 60; the Scots’, at Marston Moor, 87; at Dunbar, 170 Landed proprietors, interests of, threatened under the Protectorate, 193; English, in Ireland, 223, 224 Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, Cromwell’s foe at Naseby, 121; his command at Preston, 124–126 Laud, his hostility to Protestants, 30; his ecclesiastical absolutism, 33; becomes archbishop, 34; his “thorough” policy, 35; attempts to introduce ceremonials at Edinburgh, 38; supports Charles I. against Short Parliament, 41; imprisoned by the Parliamentarians, 52; his execution, 80; his intolerance compared with Presbyterians’, 109 Laws, English, considered by Parliamentarians, 181 Lawyers, Cromwell’s dislike of, 181, 193 Lee, American Confederate general, his volunteer soldiery, 65; development of his troops, 91; his generalship compared with Cromwell’s, 95 Legislative power under the Protectorate, 197 Lenthall, Speaker of House of Commons, 180 Leslie, David, Scottish leader, his service under Gustaphus Adolphus, 167; his defence of Edinburgh, 167 _et seq._; operations at Dunbar, 169–172 Levellers, the, English Parliamentary party, distrusted by Cromwell, 112; their agitation, 119; their threatening attitude toward Cromwell, 143; against the Commonwealth, 164; suppressed under the Protectorate, 213 Leven, Earl of, Scottish leader, besieges York, 85; at Marston Moor, 86