Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic ArtHyde, Walter Woodburn
History
Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art
Hyde, Walter Woodburn
Olympics; Sculpture, Greek; Sports -- Greece
The same commentators believe that
Pausanias’ story of Milo bursting a cord drawn round his brow by
swelling his veins arose from the victor band on the statue, and the
story of the strength of his fingers from the position of the fingers
on it.
[Illustration: FIG. 15.—Bronze Statuette of a Palæstra Victor, from the
Akropolis. Akropolis Museum, Athens.]
We have seen in the “Apollo” statues a considerable variety of
physical types. In the sixth century B. C. the artist was feeling
his way and was hampered by local school tendencies. At first he
knew only how to produce rigid statues in the conventional Egyptian
attitude with the arms glued to the sides, the two halves of the
body being symmetrical and the hips on the same level. He gradually
improved on this model, making the position more elastic—as in the
statue of Milo—rightly indicating bones and muscles and giving to the
figure natural proportions. Bulle has shown on one plate[859] three
statuettes which illustrate the improvements reached in bronze in
various parts of Greece by the end of the sixth century B. C. To the
left is represented a victorious palæstra gymnast—as is indicated by
the remnants of akontia in the hands—in the Akropolis Museum (Fig.
15);[860] in the center is the Payne Knight statuette of the British
Museum,[861] carrying a fawn in the right hand, which is a copy of
the _Philesian Apollo_ which stood in the Didymaion near Miletos; to
the right is Hermes with the petasos, short-girded tunic, and winged
sandals, holding a ram in the left and probably a kerykeion in the
right hand.[862] The attributes of the three, then, attest respectively
a victor, Apollo, and Hermes. In all three the arms are freed from the
body, and the muscles of the breast, chest, and abdomen are indicated,
though carelessly in the case of the victor. The proportions of the
three vary greatly; the Attic victor has a large head, broad shoulders,
powerful chest, long body, and short legs; the _Apollo_ has long
legs, shorter though slimmer body, and small head;[863] the _Hermes_
has a clearly outlined figure and shows the careful modeling so
characteristic of the schools of Argos and Sikyon in the fifth century
B. C. Bulle shows that the further development of the “Apollo” type was
halted by the Argive school, which, while continuing the restful pose
of these figures, counteracted their rigidity by inclining the head
to the side and throwing the weight unevenly on the legs by lowering
one hip and further advancing one foot. The central line was no longer
vertical, but curved, and it was now possible to give greater detail to
chest and abdomen. Polykleitos finally perfected this curve and threw
back the left foot, resting the weight of the body on the right—from
which time on we have the regular scheme of “free” and “rest” legs.
Despite all these later improvements, Olympic victors continued to
set up statues in the rest attitude of the “Apollo” type down perhaps
into the third century B. C.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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