Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic ArtHyde, Walter Woodburn
History
Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art
Hyde, Walter Woodburn
Olympics; Sculpture, Greek; Sports -- Greece
though the modeling is too soft for Polykleitos, showing that the
copyists changed the original of the Argive master to suit a later
and different taste. Whereas the _Diadoumenos_ is tying on a victor’s
fillet, the other is presumably placing a victor’s wreath on his head.
Certainly no better restoration can be made for the Barracco copy.
Furthermore, many other monuments, which show a similar attitude, and
which must be regarded as very free imitations of the original, seem to
show that the boy was represented as placing a wreath on his head.[1185]
Whether the original of the series was an actual victor statue at
Olympia or not is an interesting question. It has been repeatedly
suggested that it was the very statue of the boy boxer Kyniskos there,
mentioned by Pausanias, the base of which has been recovered.[1186]
The external evidence for the identity consists altogether in the
similarity in the position of the feet on this base and in the series
of copies, which argues a similar pose. The base shows that the left
leg bore the weight of the statue; it was slightly advanced and rested
on the sole, while the right leg was set back and rested on the ball
only. Thus the statue of Kyniskos was represented in the characteristic
Polykleitan schema of rest, except that the position of the legs is
reversed from that of the _Doryphoros_, _Diadoumenos_, _Amazon_, and
other works of the master. We might add that this same reversal appears
on two other bases found at Olympia, which held victor statues by the
elder Polykleitos[1187] and one by the younger.[1188] Moreover, the
leg position of the canon does not occur in the works of the master’s
pupils Naukydes and Daidalos, and only in one work of Kleon.[1189]
This shows that teacher and pupils also used another motive, _i. e._,
the old canon of Hagelaïdas, besides the one associated with
the _Doryphoros_. The similarity in the position of the feet on the
Olympia base and in the series of statues discussed has led some
scholars, _e. g._, Petersen and Collignon, to accept the proposed
identity. This similarity in foot position, the probability that
the statue on the basis was life-size, like those of the Westmacott
series, and the palm-tree support in the British Museum replica, all
pointing to a victor statue, make the identity well within the range of
possibility, but by no means certain. It is necessary only to rehearse
the objections to this view. In the first place the length of the foot
on the Olympia basis can not be accurately measured for purposes of
comparison. In the next place Polykleitos, as we have just seen, made
other statues of victors at Olympia with almost the identical foot
position of that of Kyniskos. Furthermore, it seems very unlikely that
so celebrated an original as that of these many replicas could have
been standing in the Altis so late as the time of Pausanias.[1190] It
is difficult, also, to understand why an imitative Attic sculptor
of the fourth century B.
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